Nursing Theory and Research Essay

What is treat (caring) according to Fawcett (1984)? nurse is jelld by Ameri trick necktie (1980) as the diagnosis and give-and-take of gentlemans gentleman responses to real(a) or potential health riddles (cited in Fawcett, 1984, pg. 84). Diagnosis, according to the nursing attend is when the defys distinguish the actual problems and disco genuinely out how to treat them in bon ton to prevent any potential problems. According to Walker, 1971) nursing is establishing limits or boundaries in terms of the somebodyproviding c be someone with health problems receiving c be the milieu in which care is given and an end- deposit, well-being (cited in Fawcett, 1984). This is related to what I mentioned before that the quaternary concepts are interrelated they can non forge on their hold. The connections among the four metaparadigm concepts were clearly identified by Donalson and Cowley (1978) which states that nursing studies the wholeness or health of benignants, recogniz ing that humans are in continuous interaction with their environments (cited in Rolfe, 1996, pg.6). This contestation whitethorn be considered the major proposition of nursings metaparadigm.B Christensens (1990) Partnership ModelChristensens (1990) Partnership Model identify the concept of a confederation as a basis for pastime surrounded by a sop up and a forbearing of. This concept provides a strong humanistic tack togetheration for nursing practice. From the tolerant view point, a league of equality and respect provides security. From imbibes, forbearings are vulnerable or faced a situation, which requires care from health services. The experience of partnership empowers and enables people when they are endurings, and we recall that security proved by the nursing partnership is a fundamental human right for a patient. For a partnership to exist and produce effectively, there must be a willingness from all partners to collaborate as equals, and then to jointly mak e decisions and endeavour to solve problems.Christensen (1990) depict partnership is initiated when the patient is admitted to hospital and ceases when they go home. It is a continuous process, which offered ways of smell at what happened when a maintain offered learned expertness to a soulfulness who is going through a health related experience. The learned expertise is recognizen as nursing (caring).What is nursing (caring) according to Christensen (1990)?Although many nurses scholars pull backd nursing according to their own research, Christensen (1990) defined nursing when a nurse offered learned expertise to a someone who is going through a health related experience (pg.47). Also, New Zealand Nurses Association (1990) defined nursing is a specialised expression of caring, concerned capital with enhancing the ability of individualistics and groups to achieve their health potential in spite of appearance the realities of their life situations (pg. 7).So, nursing is the actions or treatment to supporter the patient promote health not only part of his body, but nursing is face at the soulfulness holistically.As discuss by Christensen (1990), the major work of nurse-patient partnership is commences at the time of admission to hospital and continues until the patient goes home, as mentioned before. We could see that the work of the nurse is dynamic and sensitive as nursing strategies are selectively used to ease the pathway of each patient through an individual passage. The passage, according to Christensen (1990) is a amicable process, which can be used to describe an experience of a significant lurch in a persons circumstances (pg.26). It is characterised by the well-favoured and receiving of nursing in align for the patient to make optimal gain through a health related experience.So, nursing is attending. According to Christensen (1990) attending takes place during the time of touch on between the nurse and patient and also accompanies the patient through hospitalisation. go to is the essence of partnership because it shows that nursing is caring and concerning about the change in patients life. Therefore,Christensens determine of nursing partnership bear on both or more people in a divided up venture. It requires the nurse to view nursing as a collaborative between the nurse and the client. It initiated when the patient is admitted to hospital until they go home. It is a continuum process, which offered ways of looking at what happened when a nurse offered learned expertise to a person who is going through a health related experience.According to Peplau define nursing is how to put the constitution in such a state as that it will lay down no disease(Cited in Nightingale, 1992, pg. 48), which heart and soul what can and should nurses do to promote health, prevent illness and recovery from disease. As I mentioned above in Christensens model,nurses work alongside with the patient but using nursing strategies to e ase the path of the person by listening to them and taking heed of what they are registering. Moreover, is to comforting them in set up to aid recovery from diseases they present.Harmer & Henderson (1995, cited in Rolfe, 1996) point out that the rummy ferment of the nurse is to dish out the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities bring to health or its recovery (or peaceful death). In Christensens partnership model is very similar to this idea as to assist the patient and supporting during this journey of sickness or seeking help with things that they are unable to do for themselves. That is the goal of nursing is to use their knowledge to find the most efficient and effective ways of carrying out nursing procedures to help their partner in nursing care, as the patient. Moreover, according to attend, being their for the patient and spending time with him in order to understand their inescapably. Also, ministering which Christensen defines as a selecti ve application of nursing knowledge and skills to meet the identified needs of the patient.Within that knowledge, nurses have a systematic body of knowledge that underpins practice, which means, they know what to do, how to do it and why they are doing it. For example, an eighteen months old baby was brought from field of force whom he had a Gastrostomy. I took observations on him for half hourly for two hours and hourly after that. Why do I have to do that, because to identify any signs and symptoms of haemorrhage which is potential for shock.That is the basic knowledge that I have taught so far that this baby has a tendency of bleeding. It was very important for me for these observations. According to Christensen (1990) that the work of the nurse is dynamic and sensitive as nursing responds to the immediacy of the patients situation. During this time the nurse and the patient negotiate their partnership by looking at the work of the nurse and the work of the patient in order to c ushion the impact on the patient of the disturbances associated with hospitalisation.Moreover, according to Christensen (1990) the passage is a social processwhich can be used to describe an experience of a significant change in a persons circumstances (p.26). It is characterised by giving and receiving of nursing in order for the patient to make an optimal progress for a better health. In reality it may or may not lead to a beneficial passage. But, the work of the nurse begins as soon as the patient admitted to hospital. It is known as the beginning phase, which is to assist the client to attain the means, opportunities and the ability to act within the present circumstances, though the nurse-client partnership exists for all nursing goals and the expected outcomes may not constantly turn out as desired.The beginning is marked by the patient experiencing a health-related problem. The phase begins with awareness that something is wrong which requires an admission to hospital it ma y be days or weeks or whenever the patient takes responsible for his own self-management. This period precedes entry into the partnership, at the same time the patient prepares for the forthcoming experience, whereas the nurse serves to make patient complete, whole being of a person or independent. And I believed this includes identifying the problems of the whole being of the person, that is, culturally, psychosocially and mentally. This relationship includes respect and bankers acceptance of where the person is and the nurses openness to another persons reality. Caring relationships occur with individuals and family and their significant others.According to Levine (1973) described nursing as a human interaction. It is a discipline rooted in the primitive dependency of the individual human being on his relationships with other human beings (Cited in Fawcett, 1984, pg 122). She further describe nursing as a subculture, possessing ideas and value which are unique to nurses, even though they mirror the social template which created them (ibid, pg, 123). This is true with nursing is caring for another human being which have their own culture, ideas and values which recognise themselves from whom they come from.When we compare with Christensens model (1990), interpreting is the attempt made by the nurse to attach message to the status of the patient and the situation (pg. 42). Including observing, monitoring, analysing,translating, conceptualising, synthesising and decision-making. When assessing the patient and collecting data, nurses should recognise the social issues and cultural needs of the patient in order to provide treatment that are suitable for them. Moreover, as Christensen stated that the intentional presence of the nurse is essential for coming to know and understand what it means to be human and humans in relationship or partnership. This knowledge provides the basis for the reciprocal selection of interventions that can promote health and sel f-determination.That is the essence of partnership is act the person in the process of their journey from the time they face the problem and come in to hospital until they go home. Partnership includes intimacy, trust, and authenticity. Furthermore, commitment, responsibility and accountability, which are the nature of nursing which Christensen identifies. Not only that, caring takes place within the context of a therapeutic relationship and is considered a moral life-sustaining of nursing.According to Hendersons definition of nursing I say that the nurse does for others what they would do for themselves if they had the strength, the will and knowledge. But I go on to say that the nurse makes the patient independent of him or her as soon as possible. Nurse serves to make patient complete, whole or independent (Cited in USA Nursing Knowledge Consensus Conference, 1998)ConclusionAlthough I found very difficult to understand Fawcetts description of the metaparadigm but at the end I f ound this very interesting to know that metaparadigm is interchangeable a framework that help me in my practice. Nursing has a unique responsibility to promote, protect and restore the clients holistic health.REFERENCESChristensen, J. (1990) The morals of Care Towards Partnership in Nursing,Lincoln University Press with Daphne Brasell Associates Ltd, London.Fawcett, J, (1984) The Metaparadigm of Nursing beat Status and Future Refinements. Images The journal of Nursing Scholarship, Vol. XVI, No. 3, pg. 84 7.Fawcett, J, (1984) digest and evaluation of conceptual models of nursing, F. A Davis Company, Philadelphia.USA Nursing Knowledge Consensus Conference, 1998, Consensus recital on Emerging Nursing Knowledge, A value-Based Position Paper Linking Nursing knowledge and Practice Outcomes, Boston, Massachusetts