Adventurous Day Essay

ADVENTURES DAYIT WAS RAINNING AND I DASHED TOWARDS A DESERTED BUILDING with this sentence we should start the analyze It was raining and as I dashed towards a deserted construct when I was running to find my resort when I had been to a pass skid GOA during the summer vacation. Previosly when my schools summer vacation started i was really excited as we finished our exams and got a long holi daytime after a stressful exams. As days passed I was skin perceptiveness bored and after some days, I got a call from my friends enquire to go for a trip to GOA.As I was feeling bored, to pass my term I had to go for the trip. So we decided to start of the coming Monday ,it was a two week plan .We all were pretty exited about the trip ,after a long wait for about one week the day arrived when we left to GOA,we were dismissal by train as it was more athletics and could spend more time.As soon as we reached there we open that there was a vehicle waiting for our arrival ,we all got onto t he machine and we reached our resort within minutes.that day we all were very tired and so just slept the whole day.According to the plan we had to go to the beach .The next good afternoon we went to the beach ,as soon as we reached we foud four wheel cars were there and so we decided to race .the destination was not clear to me but I was going first as everyone else had no much experience as I had cause I had drived the four wheel car several(prenominal) times which goes only on sand.i had no idea where I was going as I was going really fast and even the dig was pretty good following that I went too long which I did not realize until I reached a place where I was encircled by three sides of water.then I realized that I came too uttermost ,so I decide to follow the way I came but as I was going I reached a place where I appoint a road where no one was there and so I parked my four wheel car and followed the left side burster and to see it started raining and so I started gettin g scared and so I started running ,I just felt that some was following me composition seeing back I just dashed onto a building which was deserted and then my friends come from the buiding giving me surprise for my birthday

Operating System and Microsoft Corporation Essay

Microsoft lodge is an Ameri fucking multinational software body commode headquartered in Redmond, Washington that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services associate to computing. The company was stranded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975. Microsoft is the humanitys largest software maker measured by revenues.3 It is also nonpareil of the human races most valuable companies.4 Microsoft was established to develop and sell prefatory interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the individualized computer operate system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, fol humbleed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating(a) systems. The companys 1986 initial public offering, and later(prenominal) rise in its section expenditure, created an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees.Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions. In May 2011, Microsoft acquired Skype Technologies for $8.5 billion in its largest acquisition to date.5 As of 2012, Microsoft is market predominant in both the PC operating system and office rooms markets (the latter with Microsoft purpose). The company also produces a wide range of former(a) software for desktops and servers, and is active in areas including internet look(with Bing), the video game perseverance (with the Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles), the digital services market (through MSN), and mobile phones (via the Windows Phone OS). In June 2012, Microsoft inform that it would be entering the PC vendor market for the first magazine, with the despatch of the Microsoft Surface tablet computer. In the 1990s, critics began to contend that Microsoft utilise monopolistic commerce practices and anti-competitive strategies includingrefusal to deal and tying, put unreasonable restrictions in the use of its software, and employ misrepresentative merch andise tactics both the U.S.Department of Justice and European Commission rig the company in violation of antitrust laws. Microsoft is the undisputed leader in the market for operating systems (Sheremata 1997). The Microsoft Corporation has produced the vast majority of operating systems for exclusively individual(prenominal) computers (PCs) more(prenominal)over, operating systems that Microsoft has created are Windows95, Windows 3.1, and DOS. They also devour produced the leading spreadsheet and modernistics program processors for both Windows and Macintosh operating systems. They own 85% of the market share with their office software Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Microsoft Exchange, and Microsoft Access. Not surprisingly, most of us charter used some if non all of these products and/ or services annoy outd by the Microsoft Corporation.How did the Microsoft Corporation develop into a software monopoly? For the most part, one or some(prenominal) combinations of the following forge monopolies an amalgamation of smart business decisions, mistakes by competitors, and at times some shady tactics that a company smashing power employ to be bed a market leader and monopoly of today. Microsoft had its beginning during the mid-seventies when IBM was the computer hardware giant of the industry. In 1975 Microsoft was the producer of programming languages for million instructions per stand by Altair 7500 (Conigliaro1996). In 1981, Microsoft purchased an operating system for an Intel based 8086 chip from a tiny company named Seattle Computer Products and redesigned its product to sell it to license it to IBM for its natural personal computer (PC) (Conigliaro1996).The redesigned product was released under the name MS DOS 1.0. IBM organism a monopoly at that time in the hardware department, by allowing Microsoft to provide the operating system to its PCs, then an outside source, relinquished control of the software industry to this up-and-coming powerhouse. Micr osoft retained the right to license their operating system to other manufacturers and helped spur the massive IBM clone industry. Microsoft became one of the leaders in the computer industry during the 1980s with the help of technologies that help provide PCs for an development hungry age and with Microsoft providing the operating systems for a high percentage of the PCs sold. By the late 1980s, Microsoft controlled the operating system market versions of MS-DOS ran over 80% of personal computers (Conigliaro1996). However, Microsoft did not control any of the application markets, this honor went to genus Lotus, which at the time had the top spreadsheet, 1-2-3 and WordPerfect had the leading word processors, WordPerfect.When Microsoft introduced Microsoft Windows 3.1 in the 1990s, it locked in Microsoft in the number one wood seat for what is now the software monopoly that exists. Soon after, Microsoft introduced Excel 3.0 for Windows and Word for Windows 2.0. Lotus and WordPerfect did not realize the effects that Windows 3.0 would have on the industry and did not plan ahead for the evolution (Gleick 1995). The claim has also been made that Microsoft used its control over the operating system and graphical user larboard markets to help growth in the applications market. Some executives spoke of the Chinese jetty, that is some of the developers learned to take advantage of the operating system in the lead other companies could who did not have the access (Gleick 1995).They were also charge of when introducing new technology called object linking embedding (OLE) in Windows, they would provide the technology to Excel 3.0 developers to control it into Excel before the technology was forthcoming to other companies. Making it realizable for applications on a system to work with other applications made by Microsoft before competitors could have a chance to compete and provide the corresponding or a comparable application. With the introduction of Windows 3.1 (an update on 3.0) and Microsoft having the edge, Microsofts Excel, Word and Office started to dominate the application market. The dawn of Microsoft the monopoly empire was on the horizon. In the 1990s Microsoft began to diversify with its dominance over the application and operating systems it began to get into producing products for multimedia, business operation systems, and now even games and online services.They have been accused of shady business practices when they attempted to purchase Intuit, the software company that owns Quicken, the worlds most popular personal finance manager. And Microsofts sexual union Windows 95 with The Microsoft Network, both moves are threatening to new competitors because of the barriers they create. They also beget risks to innovation and competition through the entire industry. Microsoft has used its power as the leader in the market with operating systems to grow into the power that it is now. A combination of good business tactics, regret ful business choices by competitors, and at last Microsoft using its new power has made Microsoft untouchable by competitors.We have several examples of monopolies in our past as a nation, and we have found that monopolies have a tendency to stiffen innovation. With computer systems innovation is all-important(prenominal) to continue and stay ahead of the market. The example we can think closely is IBM, when IBM split its business it opened the door to several new businesses that have only helped society. Is Microsoft going to help society if it is ordered to split? We can only wait and see. By making Microsoft split it willing open the door to new ideas from small entrepreneurs that might have the next great operating system. Microsoft has long enjoyed Olympian profit margins, using its monopoly power to book prices on its software even in tough times. But now, amid a terrible downturn and rising competition, CEO Steven A. Ballmer is shifting to a scrappier approach. He is cu tting prices on a variety of fronts, from flagship Windows and Office products to newfangled profits services. The idea is to accept lower margins in some businesses but ascension overall earnings by going after a view bag of growth opportunities. These range from expanding its share of big companies software purchases to dour the price of Office software so consumers in emerging markets render for it rather than pirate it. With the outlook so cloudy, were focusing on gaining share in those areas that are most critical, says Stephen A. Elop, who heads the business division. On July 13, Elop present the new Office 2010 in New Orleans.While Microsoft expects most customers to knuckle under for the program the way they always have, less powerful, ad-supported versions will be available issue on the Web. The company is also charging a monthly fee for online applications, such as the e-mail program Exchange, which is approximately a tercet as profitable as selling the software on CDs. And on Oct. 22, Microsofts new Windows 7 PC operating system will go on sale in stores for $40 less than the $240 it charged when it launched its Vista program in 2007the biggest price cut on a new version of Windows in years. All of these moves amount to a furious experiment in price elasticity. By lowering prices, the company hopes to profit sales of existing products while making fast headway with new ones.If the company can gain enough market share to bury its massive costs in Web services and Internet searchnotably, its vast data centersevery extra dollar will be pure profit. Im not saying it will be easy, says Ballmer. But we have great opportunities to grow total profit dollars. exclusively $29 IN CHINAMicrosoft is cutting the price of Office and offering the free versions of Word, Excel, and other programs to head off competition from Google and other rivals that offer sympathetic software at little or no cost. Microsoft has so many an(prenominal) promotions f or Office that its effective price is $100, down from $150, and even lower in such countries as Brazil and India. But the experience is sparking optimism at Microsoft about the new strategy. The company says unit sales of Office surged 415% in the second half of last year. The most aggressive price cut has come in China, where Microsoft says 95% of Office installations have been pirated.Since it began testing a $29 offer in China last September, sales have soared morethan 800%. The low price was like taking firewood from under the cauldron of piracy, says Liu Tianxiang, a vice-president with capital of Red China Federal Software, a Chinese software distributor. He figures Microsoft has sold 80,000 copies of Office in China since the trial started. Now Microsoft intends to make the low price permanent.Not surprisingly, Microsoft continues to hunt for ways to offset price cuts. It hopes to boost the perforate line by encouraging Windows 7 software users to upgrade more often. Since t he program CD will come loaded with multiple versions, users who debauch the cheaper Starter edition can easily pay later to get premium features. Of course, that risks annoying userswhen rivals such as Google are trying to enticement customers with cheaper alternatives. But in the current economy, theres no unhazardous way to stay ahead.

Language Acquisition and Development

A huge variation in the rate of vocabulary and wording begetment can be observed in children , and p atomic number 18nts/cargontakers should not behave all children to develop at the same rate .The development of deliverance is dependent on the environment that the child is brought up in particularly the social interactions the child has with the members of the household. A child who is spoken to often and is exposed to the daily routine of the house/ neighborhood develops its own interpretation and relation back between words and actions.Kids typically try to use the type of dialogue conventional in their community for example a child brought up in a active Spanish household may fit waving its arms to communicate before actually forming the words when it sees the citizenry in its orbit doing so. A child brought up in a silent household may not speak early as it has negligible exposure to the use of verbal or non verbal communication. The move function development in the c hild also impacts the rate of quarrel development. Children who are read to often or encouraged to speak are seen to make better effort at communication rather than those children left over(p) to their own devices.It is also found that children of working parents, who are left in day care, adopt the speech mannerisms they are exposed to in the day care center. in that respect are instances when children develop speech when they find they are not getting what they want or need and vice versa. There also needs to be allowances made such as the health of the child and its behavior patterns. The development of speech is also dependent on the interest displayed by the child in learning and participating in activities like play or reading. Therefore we can see that children develop at different rates depending on their environment and internal biologic development. The exposure that a child is given compounded with the pace of move functions impact the age of speech for different ch ildren.ReferencesWegner, Lynn (2007).Screening for Speech and Language stickup in Preschool Children More Answers Are Needed. Pediatrics. 533-534. Nelson, Heidi D., Nygren, Peggy, Walker, Miranda, & Panoscha, Rita (2007). Screening for Speech and Language confine in Preschool Children Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive service Task Force. Pediatrics, 298-319. Wertsch, James 1985. Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.

Nursing Theory and Research Essay

What is treat (caring) according to Fawcett (1984)? nurse is jelld by Ameri trick necktie (1980) as the diagnosis and give-and-take of gentlemans gentleman responses to real(a) or potential health riddles (cited in Fawcett, 1984, pg. 84). Diagnosis, according to the nursing attend is when the defys distinguish the actual problems and disco genuinely out how to treat them in bon ton to prevent any potential problems. According to Walker, 1971) nursing is establishing limits or boundaries in terms of the somebodyproviding c be someone with health problems receiving c be the milieu in which care is given and an end- deposit, well-being (cited in Fawcett, 1984). This is related to what I mentioned before that the quaternary concepts are interrelated they can non forge on their hold. The connections among the four metaparadigm concepts were clearly identified by Donalson and Cowley (1978) which states that nursing studies the wholeness or health of benignants, recogniz ing that humans are in continuous interaction with their environments (cited in Rolfe, 1996, pg.6). This contestation whitethorn be considered the major proposition of nursings metaparadigm.B Christensens (1990) Partnership ModelChristensens (1990) Partnership Model identify the concept of a confederation as a basis for pastime surrounded by a sop up and a forbearing of. This concept provides a strong humanistic tack togetheration for nursing practice. From the tolerant view point, a league of equality and respect provides security. From imbibes, forbearings are vulnerable or faced a situation, which requires care from health services. The experience of partnership empowers and enables people when they are endurings, and we recall that security proved by the nursing partnership is a fundamental human right for a patient. For a partnership to exist and produce effectively, there must be a willingness from all partners to collaborate as equals, and then to jointly mak e decisions and endeavour to solve problems.Christensen (1990) depict partnership is initiated when the patient is admitted to hospital and ceases when they go home. It is a continuous process, which offered ways of smell at what happened when a maintain offered learned expertness to a soulfulness who is going through a health related experience. The learned expertise is recognizen as nursing (caring).What is nursing (caring) according to Christensen (1990)?Although many nurses scholars pull backd nursing according to their own research, Christensen (1990) defined nursing when a nurse offered learned expertise to a someone who is going through a health related experience (pg.47). Also, New Zealand Nurses Association (1990) defined nursing is a specialised expression of caring, concerned capital with enhancing the ability of individualistics and groups to achieve their health potential in spite of appearance the realities of their life situations (pg. 7).So, nursing is the actions or treatment to supporter the patient promote health not only part of his body, but nursing is face at the soulfulness holistically.As discuss by Christensen (1990), the major work of nurse-patient partnership is commences at the time of admission to hospital and continues until the patient goes home, as mentioned before. We could see that the work of the nurse is dynamic and sensitive as nursing strategies are selectively used to ease the pathway of each patient through an individual passage. The passage, according to Christensen (1990) is a amicable process, which can be used to describe an experience of a significant lurch in a persons circumstances (pg.26). It is characterised by the well-favoured and receiving of nursing in align for the patient to make optimal gain through a health related experience.So, nursing is attending. According to Christensen (1990) attending takes place during the time of touch on between the nurse and patient and also accompanies the patient through hospitalisation. go to is the essence of partnership because it shows that nursing is caring and concerning about the change in patients life. Therefore,Christensens determine of nursing partnership bear on both or more people in a divided up venture. It requires the nurse to view nursing as a collaborative between the nurse and the client. It initiated when the patient is admitted to hospital until they go home. It is a continuum process, which offered ways of looking at what happened when a nurse offered learned expertise to a person who is going through a health related experience.According to Peplau define nursing is how to put the constitution in such a state as that it will lay down no disease(Cited in Nightingale, 1992, pg. 48), which heart and soul what can and should nurses do to promote health, prevent illness and recovery from disease. As I mentioned above in Christensens model,nurses work alongside with the patient but using nursing strategies to e ase the path of the person by listening to them and taking heed of what they are registering. Moreover, is to comforting them in set up to aid recovery from diseases they present.Harmer & Henderson (1995, cited in Rolfe, 1996) point out that the rummy ferment of the nurse is to dish out the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities bring to health or its recovery (or peaceful death). In Christensens partnership model is very similar to this idea as to assist the patient and supporting during this journey of sickness or seeking help with things that they are unable to do for themselves. That is the goal of nursing is to use their knowledge to find the most efficient and effective ways of carrying out nursing procedures to help their partner in nursing care, as the patient. Moreover, according to attend, being their for the patient and spending time with him in order to understand their inescapably. Also, ministering which Christensen defines as a selecti ve application of nursing knowledge and skills to meet the identified needs of the patient.Within that knowledge, nurses have a systematic body of knowledge that underpins practice, which means, they know what to do, how to do it and why they are doing it. For example, an eighteen months old baby was brought from field of force whom he had a Gastrostomy. I took observations on him for half hourly for two hours and hourly after that. Why do I have to do that, because to identify any signs and symptoms of haemorrhage which is potential for shock.That is the basic knowledge that I have taught so far that this baby has a tendency of bleeding. It was very important for me for these observations. According to Christensen (1990) that the work of the nurse is dynamic and sensitive as nursing responds to the immediacy of the patients situation. During this time the nurse and the patient negotiate their partnership by looking at the work of the nurse and the work of the patient in order to c ushion the impact on the patient of the disturbances associated with hospitalisation.Moreover, according to Christensen (1990) the passage is a social processwhich can be used to describe an experience of a significant change in a persons circumstances (p.26). It is characterised by giving and receiving of nursing in order for the patient to make an optimal progress for a better health. In reality it may or may not lead to a beneficial passage. But, the work of the nurse begins as soon as the patient admitted to hospital. It is known as the beginning phase, which is to assist the client to attain the means, opportunities and the ability to act within the present circumstances, though the nurse-client partnership exists for all nursing goals and the expected outcomes may not constantly turn out as desired.The beginning is marked by the patient experiencing a health-related problem. The phase begins with awareness that something is wrong which requires an admission to hospital it ma y be days or weeks or whenever the patient takes responsible for his own self-management. This period precedes entry into the partnership, at the same time the patient prepares for the forthcoming experience, whereas the nurse serves to make patient complete, whole being of a person or independent. And I believed this includes identifying the problems of the whole being of the person, that is, culturally, psychosocially and mentally. This relationship includes respect and bankers acceptance of where the person is and the nurses openness to another persons reality. Caring relationships occur with individuals and family and their significant others.According to Levine (1973) described nursing as a human interaction. It is a discipline rooted in the primitive dependency of the individual human being on his relationships with other human beings (Cited in Fawcett, 1984, pg 122). She further describe nursing as a subculture, possessing ideas and value which are unique to nurses, even though they mirror the social template which created them (ibid, pg, 123). This is true with nursing is caring for another human being which have their own culture, ideas and values which recognise themselves from whom they come from.When we compare with Christensens model (1990), interpreting is the attempt made by the nurse to attach message to the status of the patient and the situation (pg. 42). Including observing, monitoring, analysing,translating, conceptualising, synthesising and decision-making. When assessing the patient and collecting data, nurses should recognise the social issues and cultural needs of the patient in order to provide treatment that are suitable for them. Moreover, as Christensen stated that the intentional presence of the nurse is essential for coming to know and understand what it means to be human and humans in relationship or partnership. This knowledge provides the basis for the reciprocal selection of interventions that can promote health and sel f-determination.That is the essence of partnership is act the person in the process of their journey from the time they face the problem and come in to hospital until they go home. Partnership includes intimacy, trust, and authenticity. Furthermore, commitment, responsibility and accountability, which are the nature of nursing which Christensen identifies. Not only that, caring takes place within the context of a therapeutic relationship and is considered a moral life-sustaining of nursing.According to Hendersons definition of nursing I say that the nurse does for others what they would do for themselves if they had the strength, the will and knowledge. But I go on to say that the nurse makes the patient independent of him or her as soon as possible. Nurse serves to make patient complete, whole or independent (Cited in USA Nursing Knowledge Consensus Conference, 1998)ConclusionAlthough I found very difficult to understand Fawcetts description of the metaparadigm but at the end I f ound this very interesting to know that metaparadigm is interchangeable a framework that help me in my practice. Nursing has a unique responsibility to promote, protect and restore the clients holistic health.REFERENCESChristensen, J. (1990) The morals of Care Towards Partnership in Nursing,Lincoln University Press with Daphne Brasell Associates Ltd, London.Fawcett, J, (1984) The Metaparadigm of Nursing beat Status and Future Refinements. Images The journal of Nursing Scholarship, Vol. XVI, No. 3, pg. 84 7.Fawcett, J, (1984) digest and evaluation of conceptual models of nursing, F. A Davis Company, Philadelphia.USA Nursing Knowledge Consensus Conference, 1998, Consensus recital on Emerging Nursing Knowledge, A value-Based Position Paper Linking Nursing knowledge and Practice Outcomes, Boston, Massachusetts

Ozzy Osbourne

Ozzy Osbourne is one of the most contradictive persons in the history of contemporary endocarp music. On the one hand, he is a renowned vocalist being famous for his curious image, clothing and lifestyle and his music is surely darling by thousands of fans, whereas, on the other hand he has had serious problems with dose and alcoholic drink addictions. Nevertheless, his struggle for survival has to be praised and respected.It is app bent that literature explore revealed over 100 obligates and books on the history of rock music and Osbournes career. Over half of these were prescriptive and written by practitioners, consultants and journalists.Adams, Deanna R. leaning n digress and the Cleveland Connection. Kent, OH Kent State University Press, 2002.This book is not intended to be a unequivocal history of rock music, documenting every(prenominal) fact or natively analyzing every decade. Rather, it is or so those people and events responsible for making this the carry n Roll bang-up of the World. The book make ups rather extraordinary and raise viewpoint concerning Ozzy Osbourne and his musical career.Appleyard, Bryan. blizzard of Oz, The Sunday Times Magazine, November 27, 2005.The article suggests that Ozzy Osbourne is surely one of the most interesting and at the same time shocking singer due to his unique image, clothing and lifestyle. He is k without delayn to shock publicity with extraordinary appearance, whisker cuts and colors mixture. Nevertheless, author states that practically every star has his own blizzards. Concerning Osbourne it is his medicine and alcohol addictions, though he has managed to cope with disease having proven that he is able to struggle for life and popularity. He underwent treatments for alcohol and drug abuse. And now he is famous for both musical and TV careers.Davidson, Sandra (ed.) & Winfield, Betty Houchin (ed.). Bleep censoring Rock and Rap Music. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1999.The book is close soci etal attempts to promise rock and rap music in a democracy. This book explains how governmental statutes, agency regulations, business controls and parents befuddle tried to censor the music and when they have succeeded or why not. The book also focuses on the dilemma of a people who ideally believe in free expression as part of a democracy. It is apparent that attempts to censor Osbourne are also conglomerate in the book.Dodd, P. The Book of Rock. London Pavilion, 2001.The book is about the unmarried artists and groups associated with Rock music involving Ozzy Osbourne and his contradictive career and person. It is seen that the book is of great importance for watercourse research, because it provides thorough examination and analysis of rock music history. The book is meant for a massive circle of readers who are fond of rock and Ozzy Osbourne.Exclusive Ozzy Osbourne on Everything. Sunday Mirror, 2005, April 3 16.The article presents interview with a famous singer about his closed-door life and musical career. Ozzy believes his lavish family home in the English countryside is cursed. It is declared that in spite his millions and his transatlantic lifestyle, Ozzy is astonished at the cost of spiritedness in Britain and feels that the working man is being priced out of the country.Goldberg, Jonah. Ozzy without Harriet What the Osbournes Tells Us about Drugs. National Review, 54, 11 (2002, June 17) 23-24.The Osbournes, the reality-TV translate about the 53-year-old former lead singer of the metal band Black Sabbath and his dysfunctional family, is an unprecedented hit. It receives the highest ratings in MTVs history. The article provides details of the show stating that is one of the most popular as it present daily life of a singer.Gosset, Pol & Leyser, Brady J. Rock Stars/Pop Stars A door-to-door Bibliography, 1955-1994. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1994.This bibliography is a listing of over 3,600 books about the individual artists and groups ass ociated with Rock/Pop music involving Ozzy Osbourne. It is seen that the book is of great importance for current research, because it aims at providing the most accurate and comprehensive bibliography available on Rock/Pop stars.The article says that Wildman rocker was invited to the White House due to the victor launch of reality show The Osbournes. According to statistic provided in the article show has more that three million viewers. Family values and problems are incorporated in research. The article touches Osbournes problems with drugs and alcohol stating that he has had also problems with crashing hotel rooms and cars.Ozzy Rules in a Rock World Dominated by disconsolate Boys, Ozzy Osbourne Stood out. The everyday Mail, 2005, November 19 16.Newspaper article provides information about Osbournes problems with drug and alcohol considering that now he has been cured. The author suggests that Osbourne is really amazed by his vernal image as a family man. Osbournes has become one of Britains, and Americas most famous families. They are laughed at because of their crazy antics, thoih held in affection because of their obvious kip down for each other.The Ozzy Osbourne of Wolverhampton. The Birmingham Post, 2006, July 19 5.Actually the article argues about Osbournes popularity and states that many fans are willing to behave and look like their music ideal. For example, A parrot-killer who beheaded his beloved pet in a drunken rage has been lag for five-and-a-half months after a magistrate branded him the Ozzy Osbourne of Wolverhampton.ReferencesAdams, Deanna R. Rock n Roll and the Cleveland Connection. Kent, OH Kent State University Press, 2002.Appleyard, Bryan. skin rash of Oz, The Sunday Times Magazine, November 27, 2005.Davidson, Sandra (ed.) & Winfield, Betty Houchin (ed.). Bleep Censoring Rock and Rap Music. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1999.Dodd, P. The Book of Rock. London Pavilion, 2001.Exclusive Ozzy Osbourne on Everything. Sunday Mirror, 2005 , April 3 16.Goldberg, Jonah. Ozzy without Harriet What the Osbournes Tells Us about Drugs. National Review, 54, 11 (2002, June 17) 23-24.Gosset, Pol & Leyser, Brady J. Rock Stars/Pop Stars A Comprehensive Bibliography, 1955-1994. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1994.Ozzy Osbourne Invited to White House, 2002, April 4. Avaiable at http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/ diversion/tv_and_radio/1911033.stmOzzy Rules in a Rock World Dominated by Bad Boys, Ozzy Osbourne Stood out. The Daily Mail, 2005, November 19 16.The Ozzy Osbourne of Wolverhampton. The Birmingham Post, 2006, July 19 5.

Economic and Political Status in Paraguay

Paraguays economic system has forever been improving over the years despite some set-backs they must face. Since they argon a land-locked land, they do not extradite as legion(predicate) resources as nigh of its surrounding countries. They must rely mostly on kitchen-gardening for their main exports. As for Paraguays administration and political conditions, they now have a president elected for a 5-year term. There argon many different political parties, and the type of government Paraguay runs under is constitutional republic. opposed Paraguays surrounding countries, Argentina, Chile and Brazil, it is land-locked thus giving them fewer resources than their neighbors.With a predominantly bucolic economy, Paraguay is most dependent on these products. Conflict speculation can be applied in a very vauntingly scale, to the country of Paraguay as a whole. Paraguays resources are much scarcer thusly others and they must compete and work hard for what they do have. The larger countries with the marine as a resource have more power therefore Paraguay will do what they must to get what they need from other countries. This provides the country with a difficult struggle trying to balance out their economy. However, their economy has been improving.There is a large amount of underemployment and unemployment in the economy. Nearly 35% of Paraguays population is unemployed. Those who do work, work mostly in agricultural jobs since that is Paraguays main export. The country has vast hydroelectric resources, including the worlds second-largest hydroelectric coevals facility built and operated jointly with Brazil. One large resource they deficiency that many others do not is petroleum resources. The economy is dependent on exports of cattle, soybeans, timber, cotton, grains, and sugar electricity generation.Paraguay also re-exports products made elsewhere to Brazil and Argentina. Paraguay is a major illegal producer of marijuana and most or the intact product goes to Argentina, Chile and Brazil. Paraguays gross domestic product move up from 12. 8 billion to 16. 1 billion dollars, which was a 26% outgrowth. Also, the conflicting exchange reserves rose 33% to 3. 2 billion. Although Paraguay struggles with their range and plastered aspects of their economy, it has constantly been improving over time. Paraguays government is highly centralized, which was changed by the 1992 constitution, which provides for discrepancy of powers. The president, who is commonplacely elected for a 5-year term, then appoints a cabinet. Paraguay has a two-chambered Congress which consists of an 80-member Chamber of Deputies and a 45-member Senate, elected with the president through a comparative representation system. The Deputies are elected by department and senators are elected nationwide. Paraguays government also follows the three branches of government. The president alone comprises the executive branch. Legislative is made up of the Senate and Chambe r of Deputies. Lastly, the Judicial branch belongs to the unconditional Court of Justice.The A governor elected by a popular vote heads each of Paraguays 17 departments. Paraguay has some limits with its economy, however has improved drastically and will continue to do so. Looking at the large increase in the GDP, Paraguays overall economic status has been bringing in more money, which will only help improve the countrys economy. They have a strong market for agriculture which brings in most of their revenue. As for their government, it could be somewhat comparable to the United States. Their president has a longer, 5 year term, and there are lower braches and houses in government that help run the country.

Maths

GCSE mathematics sample news reports and ticktack Schemes For first teaching from September 2010 For first exa custody in Summer 2011 For first award in Summer 2012 vitrine Code 2210 Foreword The awarding bodies have prep bed new specifications to consent with revised GCSE criteria. The specimen examination papers accompanying new specifications are provided to give centres guidance on the structure and character of the planned examinations in advance of the first examination.It is intended that the specimen papers and mark schemes contained in this booklet willing help teachers and students to understand, as all-embracingy as possible, the markers expectations of candidates responses to the types of questions note at GCSE level. These specimen papers and mark schemes should be used in conjunction with CCEAs GCSE maths specification. GCSE math Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes Contents Specimen Papers whole T1 Mathematics (Foundation horizontal surface) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics ( loftyer Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 1 3 23 43 63 83 93 107 121 Mark Schemes General scrape Instructions Unit T1 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1 Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 133 135 137 143 149 157 163 167 171 175 case Code QAN 2210 500/7925/6A CCEA Publication 2010 You whitethorn razeload further copies of this outcome from www. ccea. org. uk precedent musical compositionS DIVIDER PAPER FRONT 1 SPECIMEN PAPERS DIVIDER PAPER BACK 2 boil down descend 71 Candidate flake General Certificate of Secondary tr aining 2011 Mathematics For Examiners use only Question tag Number Unit T1 (With computing machine) Foundation Tier CODE SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPER conviction 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES spell your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the pop off of this page. keep your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. fare entirely twenty five-spot questions. every working should be clearly shown in the spaces provided since marks may be awarded for articulationially correct solutions. You may use a calculator for this paper. study FOR CANDIDATES The amount of money mark for this paper is 100. Figures in brackets printed down the right position of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. practicable elements will be assessed in this paper. Quality of written communicating will be assessed in questions 6 and 23. You should have a calculator, ruler, compasses and a protractor.The formula rag is over leaf. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 append Marks 3 Foundation Tier Formulae Sheet Area of trapezium b nonpareil = 1 (a + b)h 2 Volume of prism = battlefield of cross naval division ? continuance 4 coiffe all questions 1 (a) Write 80% as a denary Answer _____________ 1 Answer ___________ % 1 Answer_____________________ 1 Answer_____________ 1 Answer_____________ 1 (b) Write 0. 35 as a part (c) Write 48 million in figures (d) 5729 quite a little attended a football match. Write the number 5729 to (i) the nearest 10 (ii) the nearest 100 2 (a) meet the next 2 monetary value in the sequence and explain the rule you used 6, 11, 16, 21, _____, ______ Rule _________________________________________________ 3 (b) Find the next term in the sequence 0. 2, 0. 4, 0. 8, 1. 6, _______ 1 5 3 The plot shows a tiled patio in the shape of a rectangle 3 by 16, cover with 48 square tiles. Write down the length and width of 2 other possible rectangles which can be covered with 48 of these square tiles. Answer__________ by__________ __________ by__________ 4 1 1 Michael recorded the likenesss of cars in the school day car park in a tally chart. ColourTally Frequency cherry 4 Blue 2 Yellow Black White ash grey Green (a) Complete the frequency column. 1 (b) On the grid opposite, draw a frequency diagram to show this study. 3 6 (c) What is the most popular colour of car in the car park? Answer_________________ (d) 1 Using the frequency instrument panel, redeem down the split of the total cars which are yellow. Answer_________________ 7 1 5 (a) (i) elaboration the major segment in the circle beneath 1 (ii) (b) PQ is called a _________________ of the circle. (i) fill in the minor sector in the circle below. 1 1 (ii) OS is called a _______________ of the circle. 8 1 6 The table below shows the percentage of pupils at a High School who obtained a grade C or better in GCSE Mathematics during the past five years. Year % of p upils (a) 2004 75 2005 78 2006 82 2007 84 2008 90 Which year showed the smallest improvement? Answer______________ (b) 1 Your shade of written conference will be assessed in this question The school wants to show this tuition using a statistical diagram. Which type of diagram would you use? Answer__________________________ 1 lay out a reason for your answer. _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7 2 Here is a list of numbers game 25 27 32 35 8 21 9 (a) From the list write down those numbers which are (i) multiples of 5 Answer____________ (ii) 1 Answer____________ 1 factors of 54 9 (b) From the list of numbers (i) calculate the mean Answer_____________ Answer_____________ (ii) 8 2 2 lift the median In a mid season sale a clothing shop has 20% off all its items. Clare bought a flash back which originally appeal ? 50 and a hat which originally cost ? 25 (a)How some(prenominal) did she sa ve in the sale? Answer ? _____________ Answer ? _____________ (b) 9 2 1 Answer_____________ 2 What was her total bill? Simplify 5p ? 2r ? 3p + 5r 10 10 (a) Jo bought 6 roses at 67p each. What change did she get from a ? 5 note? Answer ? _____________ (b) Five kgs of potatoes and dickens kilograms of onions cost ? 4. 10 in total. The potatoes cost 62p per kilogram. How much(prenominal) would it cost in total to buy one kilogram of potatoes and one kilogram of onions? Answer ? _____________ 11 2 4 The brick shown below is in the form of a cuboid, measuring 6. 4 metres by 3. metres by 2. 6 metres. foreshadow the muckle of the brick. Answer_____________ 11 3 12 Calculate (a) the square root of 1. 44 Answer_____________ Answer_____________ (e) 13 2 Answer_____________ (d) 1 Answer_____________ (c) 1 Answer_____________ (b) 1 2 the cube of 2. 8 2. 32 ? 1. 69 3 of 125 5 5. 62 ? 3. 4 The table below gives the maximum and minimum temperatures of six different cities in Europe in March. City Belfast token(prenominal) 2 C Dublin ?1 C 9 C London 4 C 16 C Edinburgh 0 C 11 C Barcelona 10 C 19 C 8 C 20 C capital of France (a) Maximum 10 C Which minimum temperature was the last-place?Answer____________________ C 12 1 (b) In two of these cities the temperatures had increase from minimum to maximum by 12 C. Write down the name of these two cities. Answer____________________ and ____________________ 2 What is the difference in minimum temperature between Dublin and Paris? (c) Answer_____________ C 14 1 Answer_______________ 1 Answer_____________ % 1 Answer_____________ % 1 Results of a Year 12 natural philosophy rivulet 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 0 2 7 4 6 backbone 5 4 (a) 5 1 5 8 6 7 6 8 9 7 9 8 9 9 means 54% How many pupils sat the physics discharge? (b) What is the modal percentage mark? c) What is the range of percentage marks? 13 15 The diagram shows the plan for a rectangular garden. Calculate (a) the field of battle of the garden Answer____________m2 2 Answer____________m 2 2 (b) the area of the plot for the trees A border needs to be dug around the perimeter of the garden. (c) Calculate the perimeter of the garden. Answer____________m 14 2 16 The diagram shows a pizza which has been divided into 8 equal split. The shaded parts are eaten. (a) Write down, as a fraction in its lowest terms, the fraction that is eaten. Answer_____________ Answer___________ % (b) 17 2 1What percentage is odd uneaten? Which fractions from the list given below are not equivalent to 2 ? 3 8 10 16 4 12 , , ,, 12 15 28 6 16 Answer_____________ 15 2 18 In a survey ccc men were asked which sport they liked best. The pie-chart below shows the results. (a) Measure the angle which represents Basketball. Answer_____________? (b) 1 What fraction of men chose Rugby as their favourite sport? Answer_____________ (c) 1 Answer_____________ 2 How many men chose Hurling as their favourite sport? 16 19 (a) spread out 3(x + 1) Answer______________ 2 Answer_____________ 2 (b) Solve 2y + 3 = 19 0 In the diagram the hitch P (? 4, 4) has been plotted. (a) Plot the following points on the diagram, labelling clearly Q (? 2, ? 3), R (5, ? 3) and S (3, 4) 3 (b) Join up the points in order and name the quadrilateral formed. Answer____________________ 17 1 21 (Diagram not drawn accurately) Calculate (a) x x = ___________? 1 y = ___________? 1 (b) y 22 Draw the net of the matchbox tray (no lid) shown in the diagram, which has base 5cm by 3cm and height 2cm, on the square grid provided. 3 18 23 Your quality of written communication will be assessed in this question Fred has precisely won ? 00. 1 1 of it to his son, throng. He has promised of it to his lady friend, Kathy and 5 4 How much will he have left after he gives Kathy and James their shares? Show clearly each measurement of your working out. Answer ? _____________ 19 4 24 The positions of two towns A and B are shown on the grid. (a) A third town C is 3km east and 2km north of A. Using a scale of 1cm = 0. 5km, show the position of C. (b) 2 How far is C from A? Answer_____________km 20 3 25 The following information shows how Sinead spends her time on a Saturday. military action Cleaning Watching TV Number of hours 2 Using obtain he Exercising Internet 5 4 3 2 Sleeping 8 Draw a pie chart to illustrate this data. 4 21 ___________________________________________ THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER ___________________________________________ 22 Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2011 Mathematics Unit T2 (With calculator) Foundation Tier CODE SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPER TIME 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in the question paper.Answer all twenty three questions. Any working should be clearly shown in the spaces provided since marks may be awarded for partially correct solutions. You may use a calculator for thi s paper. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 100. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. Functional Elements will be assessed in this paper. Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 5 and 17. You should have a calculator, ruler, compasses and protractor. The formula sheet is overleaf.For Examiners use only Question Marks Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Total Marks 23 Foundation Tier Formulae Sheet Area of trapezium = 1 (a + b)h 2 Volume of prism = area of cross section ? length 24 Answer all questions 1 Five kilograms of potatoes and two kilograms of onions cost ? 4. 10 in total. The potatoes cost 62p per kilogram. How much would it cost in total to buy one kilogram of potatoes and one kilogram of onions? Answer ? _____________ 2 Answer_____________ (a) 4 2 Answer_____________ 2 Simplify 5p ? 2r ? 3p + 5r (b) Expand ?2( 2y ? 3) 25 3 Calculate a) the cube of 2. 8 Answer______________ Answer______________ (b) (c) 1 1 Answer______________ 2 2. 32 + 1. 69 5. 62 ? 3. 4 26 4 Results of a Year 12 Physics test 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 0 2 7 4 6 Key 5 4 (a) 5 1 5 8 6 7 6 8 9 7 9 8 9 9 means 54% How many pupils sat the Physics test? Answer_____________ (b) 1 What is the modal percentage mark? Answer___________% Answer___________% (c) 5 1 1 What is the range of percentage marks? Quality of written communication will be assessed in this question Fred has just won ? 900 1 1 He has promised of it to his daughter Kathy, and of it to his son James. 4 How much will he have left after he gives Kathy and James their shares? Show clearly each step of your working out. Answer ? ______________ 27 4 6 The positions of two towns A and B are shown on the grid. (a) A third town C is on a bearing of 120? from B and at a keep of 2. 5 km from B. Using a scale of 1 cm = 0. 5km, show the position of C. 3 (b) How far is C from A? Answer __ ___________ km 2 28 7 The following information shows how Sinead spends her time on a Saturday. Activity Cleaning Watching TV Shopping Number of hours 2 5 4 Using the Exercising Internet 3 2 Sleeping 8Draw a pie chart to illustrate this data. 4 8 Solve (a) x = 15 4 Answer x = _____________ (b) 1 Answer y = _____________ 2 6y ? 2 = 13 29 9 Write down the next two numbers in the sequence 11, 10, 8, 5, ____, _____ Answer________, _________ 10 2 In the diagram the meretriciousness of the cuboid is 48cm3. It holds exactly 48 sugar cubes each 1cm by 1cm by 1cm. The length of the cuboid is 4cm and the breadth is 3cm. (a) What is the height of the cuboid? Answer_____________ (b) Write down the dimensions of another cuboid that the 48 cubes could fit into exactly. Answer______cm by______cm by______cm 1 (a) 3 Find the value of 1 3. 8 ? 6. 2 giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place. 9. 1 ? 2. 7 Answer_____________ 30 2 (b) A plasma TV has a marked price of ? 790 In a sale its price is c ut back by 15% What is the sale price of the TV? Answer ? _____________ (c) 3 bloody shames family drink 3 cartons of orange juice in 5 days. How many cartons would Mary need to buy to last a full week? Answer _____________cartons 12 3 Write down an expression for the total cost of x bars of chocolate at 35p each and y bottles of water at 50p each. Answer_______________________ 31 2 13Draw the graph of y = 4x3 on the grid below. 3 14 (Diagram not drawn accurately) The quadrilateral shown has angles x, 79? , 3x, and 97? Work out the value of x Answer x = _________________o 32 4 15 (a) (Diagram not drawn accurately) In the triangle ABC shown in a higher place BC = 8. 5 cm and AX = 6. 4 cm. Calculate the area of the triangle ABC. Answer___________________cm2 2 (b) (Diagram not drawn accurately) ABCDE is a regular pentagon, with O as its centre. Calculate the size of angle AOB. Answer Angle AOB = _____________? 33 2 16 Find the area of a circle with a diameter of 3 metres.Take ? = 3. 1 4 Answer___________________m2 17 (a) 2 The speeds, in miles per hour, of the cars passing the gates of a old school during lunch hour are recorded in the table below. Speed (mph) No. of cars 05 2 610 5 1115 34 1620 61 2125 29 2630 4 illustrate this information using a bar chart. 3 34 (b) Which is the modal household interval? Answer________________ (c) 1 Your quality of written communication will be assessed in this question Katy wants to know how many times a month, on average, the nation in her town go to the cinema. She asks 200 people in her school.Explain why Katys sample may not be representative of the people in her town. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 35 2 18 (a) Write 72 as a product of prime factors Answer______________ (b) 2 Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 72 and 108 Answer______________ Answer______________ (c) 19 2 2 Find the highest common factor (HCF) of 72 an d 108 Susan puts ? 1700 in her buzzword account at 4. 2% simple interest each year. Calculate the total amount in her bank account after 3 years. Answer ? ________________ 36 3 0 (a) Expand and simplify 4(2 3x) + 3(x + 4) Answer________________ Answer________________ 2 Answer x =________________ (b) 2 3 Answer________________ 2 Expand x ( x 2 6) (c) Solve for x 7x + 18 = 2(x 6) 21 (a) ? A regular polygon has an exterior angle of 18 Find the number of sides in the polygon. 37 (b) The diagram shows a mulct tent in the shape of a triangular prism. Calculate the strength of the tent. Answer_____________________cm3 38 6 22 A teacher recorded the number of hours 50 students used the internet over a 7 day period. The information is shown in the table below. Number of Hours 0? h

Get Your Head In The Game Essay

When in proud school, superstar of the most memorable things to do is go to the games, attend classcoming, or the pep rallies all semester. One thing they all have in mutual is that they are tied to sports. High school sports are an grievous vocalism of childrens lives whether they are the geniuss attending the game or the one vie in it. A few years ago, Solano County tried to cut sports programs because there was no room in the bud engage for it. The community reacted by spending their whole summer raising specie in any delegacy they could by selling things to standing outside of the mall collecting donations with the dissolve department. High school sports programs are important and should not be on the list of school cuts.One of the first undercoats high school sports programs should not be cut is that it keeps kids active and in a safe environment during non-school hours. According to the American Diabetes Association, the national website and organization for di abetes information, one in every four hundred kids under the age of twenty are diagnosed with diabetes (Diabetes Statistics). typeface I diabetes is unpreventable but type II diabetes can be prevented with a healthy diet and plenty of exercise, which after school sports programs jockstrap with to eliminate.If high school sports were to be cut, more and more children would be home sitting around watching television or eating unhealthy. train sports to a fault ensure that children will eat healthier. When trying to get see to it for their sport season, kids will eat better to keep up with everyone else and stand in shape. existence a part of a sports program also keeps kids out of trouble because it gives them a place to go and roughthing to do during non-school hours. Angela Shackleford, a high school booster parent, said that cutting sports would eliminate clean criminal records, mentors, and livelihoods. Without a place to go after school, kids may do other things to entert ain themselves, including things that may get them in trouble.Another reason is that school sports can also be a stepping stone for galore(postnominal) kids to go to college. As tuition rises over time, the ability to pay for college decreases. many a(prenominal) high school athletes use this as a stepping stone in becoming a college athlete. It may be the only means for some kids to pay for college, and to cut high school sports is want cutting a childs path to college. Shackleford also mentioned that some of these kids wont be able to go to college if they dont have these scholarships (Debolt). Being on a team also gives children a sense of unity. They encounter how to be a part of a team and work with and get along with people they may or may not like which is a skill they will carry throughout their life. That is another important skill they will take with them when they do go onto college or their early careers.There are more positive reasons than negative reasons to keepi ng high school sports programs. Although it does cause injury sometimes, children can get hurt anywhere doing anything. It teaches children how to work as a group and rely on one another, it gives them a place to go after school hours and keeps them in shape, and specially can help them get into a college. The reason why so many people in the community, from the fire department to parents, helped raise money to keep these programs available is because they realize how important it is to keep these programs running for the kids.

Market Survey on Commodities Future Trading

An Industry Internship Project On COMMODITIES FURTURE responsibility WITH RESPECT TO GEOJIT COMTRADE LTD MARKET SURVEY D peerless at CALICUT, KERALA down the stairs the guidance of MRS. C. ANITHA RANI (Asst. Professor of good deal Dept. ) (Project Guide) Mr. CHACKO . C. VARGHEESE (Regional passenger vehicle) (Corporate Guide) Submitted By LAKSHMI. P. K wheeling No 20028 SIVA SIVANI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT KOMPALLY, SECUNDERABAD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTFirst of ein truth I would wish well to thank Geojit COMtrade Ltd, which is a leading(a) organization in good job, for talent me an opportunity to utilisation with them and to do Market Research to assoil interoperable write outledge of how a Commodities Comp each(prenominal) give-up the ghosts. My special obligations to my corporate guide Mr. Chacko C Varghese, Regional director, GC Branch, Calicut, for granting permission to do the project in their esteem organization. I thank him for dedicating his valuable snip in criti cal re clearing my project work periodic completelyy and for steering me all the inhabit.I am deeply indebted to thank my faculty guideAsst. Prof. C. Anita Rani. I as well as like to thank all my faculties who become taught me and havesh ard their experience with mewhich has processed us in doing my project. I am thankful to Mr. Ajeesh pileus of Minnesota and Mr. Bijesh K. B, senior executives of Geojit COMtrade ltd, Calicut who was al ship federal agency ready to clarify my doubts related to the topic. And my sincere give thanks to them. Also, I am thankful to my family, friends, and classmates and to the Almighty.appointment Sig record Place DECLARATION I, Lakshmi. P. K decl ar that this project entitled Market research on goodness future occupation with compliance to Geojit COMtrade Ltd. , submitted for the award of the PGDM Triple Specialization is a record of original project research written report- carried out during April 5th- June 5th) , that the project has non potpourried before the basis for the award of some(prenominal) Degree/ lambskin/ Associateship/ Fellowship of all pertly(prenominal) corresponding title.Ithas been completed by me at Geojit COMtrade Ltd, Calicut low the guidance ofAsst. Prof. Anita Rani,faculty of marting part of Siva Sivani Institute of Management. Date Sig temper Place C O N T E N T S DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CERTIFICATE skirt OF CONTENTS PAGE NO Chapter IIntroduction 5 res publicament of problem 5 Objectives of the study 6 Scope of study 6 Literature critical review 6 Chapter II Industry profile 8 corporation Profile 19 Departmental Details 26Chapter-III Research Methodology 44 Sources of info 45 Sampling Plan 45 Limitations 45 Chapter IV selective in deviseation Analysis Interpretation and Findings 46 Chapter-VSWOT Analysis 71 Conclusion 73 Suggestions 74 Bibliography 75 Annexure 76 CHAPTER -I INTRODUCTION good work is an part which has gained projection ever since the dawn of civilization.It rotter be attributed to the f correspond that commodities ar an integral part of our lives. Over these geezerhood in that respect has been a formidable sustainth in this segment which in turn has acted as the editorial of strength for the development of our economy. This has arrive at it an attractive investment avenue for investors. primarily we witnessed lot of m adept(a)y macrocosm invested in those companies which specialized in the output of commodities. Now we have a trend reversal commodities have gained prominence over the quantifys.The rapidly advancing technology, special(a)ly the Internet, has drastically changed the social and scotch landscapes and e actually aspect of our daily lives. In the Securities Industry & Futures Commodities, the Internet has facilitated on-line(a) calling, changing the way the grocery place works, as well as the way the investors access the market. Having sustainn advantage of information technology at an good time, India has emerged as a front-running country of on-line handicraft in the globular securities & commodities markets. On-line barter is broadly defined as a traffic mechanism where investors interpose ball clubs and con unanimous business results via electronic communication channels, oftentimes(prenominal) as the Internet, mobile ph unitys, In India, the whole transition of securities & commodities trans accomplishs, from order spot and routing, order execution, to trade con steadyation, is unspoilty automated, thus enabling the investors who have displace orders to confirm their vocation results within fewer seconds. Geojit COMtrade Ltd. is a goodness traffic service firm. It specializes in agricultural commodities, base metals, unprecedented metals, bullion, and talent.The firm engages in trading go on commodities traded on the MCX and NCDEX in India. Its Research stratum offers technical and fundamental research services. The firm as well appe nds research on markets, currency, and economy. Geojit COMtrade Ltd. is based in Kochi, India. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Online future commodities trading subscribe some whizzal factors, technical factors, moving in factors and economic factors. The interplay of these factors on commodities market inquires a deep study nearly the pattern process and procedures and performance.This study is mean to learn the various concepts about online commodities trading and its way of mental process. 1. To identify the take of awargonness of commodities online future trading. 2. To identify the tar approach consumer for online trading of commodities. 3. To identify the gustatory modality of nodes to various investment avenues like goodness market, sh ars, mutual fund, bank deposits, insurance, debentures and fleck office savings. 4. To identify the awargonness take of Geojit COMtrade Ltd. and feedback from the customers about the firm. OBJECTIVES OF THE reckonMy project work program med was likewise directed to some particular targets and the important objectives of the study ar as bellow 1. To clearly state the aw beness level about Geojit commodities 2. To lowstand the perception of pack about Geojit commodities 3. To devise an approach by making people aw atomic number 18 of Geojit commodities The Main purpose of conducting the Survey for Geojit COMtrade Ltd * To identify the target consumer for commodities business. * To identify the p acknowledgement of customers to various investment avenues like trade good market, sh argons, mutual fund, bank deposits, insurance, debentures and post office savings. To identify the aw atomic number 18ness level of Geojit COMtrade Ltd. and feedback from the customers about the firm. * To get a feel of the Customers perception about Geojit commodities services products. * To find an appropriate communication message for attracting the people to Geojit COMtrade Ltd SCOPE OF THE STUDY world-wideization of the pecunia ry market has led to a manifold amplify in investment. New markets have been aerofoiled revolutionary promoters have been positive and new services have been pitched. Be berths, a number of opportunities and challenges have in addition been thrown open.Online Commodities trading is new as comp ard to Equity market in India. Mainly third exchanges are involved in online commodities trading MCX, NCDEX & NMCE literature REVIEW So umpteen studies are made in the field of shove of trade good future trading. Some of the important studies are reviewed as follows In a well-known literature survey on commodity futures research, fair-haired(a) and Rutledge observed that, Anyone who undertakes a survey of the literature on futures trading is confronted with an unbody structured and rather disjointed argument of publications (1971 p 57).Some of the pioneers in futures research, like Hol stick out Working, Roger Gray, Tom Hieronymus, Allen Paul, and Henry Bakenwere based on an in -depth understanding of economic institutions, an wonder of the major(ip) problems facing the industry, and careful analysis of relevant data. Gray and Rutledge (1971) deliver the goods the most comprehensive survey on futures markets and the topics covered in their review include evolutionary aspects of futures markets, inter-temporal bell relationships, and concept of hedgerow, determine variability, and the stochastic nature of cost fluctuations. The Keynesian theory of normal backwardation was one of the earliest theories of the inter-temporal futures bells and it postulated that futures p strains are biased estimates of forthcoming specie equipment casualtys beca uptake hedgers must compensate speculators for assuming the wrong risk of holding future subscribe tos * Working (1949) developed the idea that the ancient function of commodity futures markets was the provision of the returns for the storage services, and he viewed inter-temporal monetary values as the jo intly determined price of storage. Holbroook Working (1953) categorized alternative motives for commercial hedging in the commodity futures and these categories continue to be valid today. The trinity arbitrage hedging, operational hedging and anticipatory hedging. Since the futures and cash price converge in the economy month, a commercial firm tooshie arbitrage the devil markets and earn a risk-free return from the predictable change in the basis- the mathematical difference between the futures and cash price.Operational hedging facilitates commercial business by act asideing firms to buy and sell on the futures markets as temporary substitutes for the attendant cash market transactions. This provides firms with an avenue for creation flexible in daily operations and reducing price risk. Anticipatory hedges involve buying or selling futures contracts by commercial firms in anticipation of the forthcoming cash market transactions. value expectation plays a major role in t his type of hedge. * Leuthold and Tomek (1980) explained that semi-perishables (e. . , butter, eggs, onions, potatoes) were traded at the turn of the century but the introduction of trading in nonstorables much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as live hogs and live cattle in the 1960s was a water supplyshed for the industry. They presentd that since future prices for nonstorables are non being apply to allocate inventories, frontward pricing is an important economic apology for these markets They pointed out that some of the furthermers remain come to about the alleged perverse influence of futures trading. fit in to theoretical literature, primary commodity invokers stand to pull a capitulum considerable price risk reduction benefit from hedging with each future contracts or forward contracts (Johnson 1960 Stein 1961 McKinson in 1967 Danthine 1978 Holthausen 1979 Feder, Just and Schmitz 1980 Andearson and Danthine 1983) * According to empirical literature either min imum variance hedge ratios or optimal hedge ratios (i. e. % of output to be hedged) and has found large potence risk reduction benefits from hedging (Henifner 1972 Peck 1975 Ederington 1979 Grant and Eaker 198559 Casteino 1992 Lene, Kimle, and Hayenga 1993) * But two(prenominal)(prenominal) theoretical and empirical literature appears to contradict reality because very few primary producers actually hedge (Helmuth 1977 Berk 1981 Brorsen 1995) * Survey results of Blank, Carter and McDonald 1997 found thatfarmers prefer forward contracting to direct hedging with future contracts.According to Miller (1986) the one observe distinguishing feature between these deuce factors is the absence of basic risk in forward contracting. * Carter and Loyns (1985) found that due to a high basis risk, there was a little incentive for Canadian feedlots to hedge cattle on the Chicago futures market. * Rolfo in 1980 suggested end product risk as an explanation for the deficiency of hedging interes t in the real world. Most research demand to be directed towards the impact of government farm programs on commodity futures markets, a hanker the lines of Crain and Lee (1996) * The theory of price of storage explains inverted markets by appealing to the concept of convenience yield. According to this theory, the futures price can be less than the spot price plus the cost of carry when the commodity generates convenience yield. CHAPTER -II INDUSTRY PROFILE 1) COMMODITY MARKET A commodity is a material that is traded in big quantities and whose quality standards and price are objective and universally applicable.For example, notes is a commodity because quality standards and price of gold are objective and universal, but gold jewelry is not a commodity because the price of jewelry depends on subjective factors such as de preindication, brand image, and so on Other examples of commodities are agricultural produce such as food grains, pulses, cotton, and so forth metals such as n ickel, zinc, aluminum, etceteratera good marketsare markets where stark naked or primary products are exchanged. These raw commodities are traded on find outdcommodities exchanges, in which they are bought and sold in similar contracts.It covers physical product (food, metals, and electricity) markets but not the ways that services, including those of governments, nor investment, nor debt, can be seen as a commodity. commodity Market is an organized traders exchange in which standardized, graded products are bought and sold. Worldwide, there are 50 major commodity exchanges that trade over 100 commodities, ranging from shuck and cotton to silver and oil. The trading of commodities consists of direct physical trading and derivatives trading. permute traded commodities have seen an upturn in the volume of trading since the start of the decade.This was largely a result of the suppuration attraction of commodities as an asset class and a pro lookration of investment options which has made it easier to access this market. trade good trading Spot trading Spot trading is any transaction where language either takes place immediately, or with a minimum lag between the trade and obstetrical delivery due to technical constraints. Spot trading normally involves visual follow-up of the commodity or a sample of the commodity, and is carried out in markets such aswholesale markets. trade good markets, on the separate hand, require the mankindkind of concord standards so that trades can be made without visual inspection. forrard contracts Aforward contractis an agreement between two parties to exchange at some fixed future naming a given up metre of a commodity for a price defined today. The fixed price today is known as theforward price. Futures contracts Afutures contracthas the said(prenominal) general features as a forward contract but is transacted done with(predicate) and through a futures exchange. Futures contracts which set a price for the delivery of a particular commodity in, say, six months or a course of instruction are not themselves to blame.Theyre the grease that solves these markets function. Futures allow businesses like power companies or airlines to hedge against increases in dismiss be, or food processors to down over fluctuations in the price of wheat and corn. Wall Street plays an invaluable role, too, since financial investors those betting that prices pass on fall, as well as those betting theyll rise provide decisive liquidity. Commodity and futures contracts are based on whats termed forward contracts. too soon on these forward contracts agreements to buy now, present and deliver later were utilise as a way of getting products from producer to the consumer.These typically were lonesome(prenominal) for food and agricultural products. Forward contracts have evolved and have been standardized into what we know today as futures contracts.. In essence, a futures contract is a standardize d forward contract in which the buyer and the seller accept the footing in regards to product, grade, quantity and location and are simply free to transact the price. Hedging Hedging, a common practice of farming cooperatives insures against a brusque harvest by purchasingfutures contractsin the same commodity.If the cooperative has importantly less of its product to sell due to weather or insects, it makes up for that loss with a profit on the markets, since the overall supply of the curb is short eachwhere that suffered the same take aims. Delivery and condition guarantees In addition, delivery day, method of stop anddelivery pointmust all be undertake. Typically, trading must end two (or much) business years preceding to the delivery day, so that the routing of the shipment can be finalized via ship or rail, and assumement can be settled when the contract arrives at any delivery point.Most trading is done in futures contracts, that is, agreements to deliver goods at a set time in the future for a price launch at the time of the agreement. Futures trading allow both hedging to cherish against serious losses in a declining market and speculation for gain in a uphill market. For example, a seller may sign a contract agreeing to deliver grain in two months at a set price. If the grain market declines at the end of two months, the seller will still get the higher(prenominal) price quoted in the future contract.If the market rises, however, speculators buying grain stand to profit by paying the lower contract price for the grain and reselling it at the higher market price. Spot contracts, a less widely used form of trading, call for immediate delivery of a specified commodity and are often used to obtain the goods necessary to fulfill a futures contract. An mugwump U. S. regulative agency, the Commodity Futures Trading counseling was established in 1974 to regulate commodity markets. In 1982, the Chicago Mercantile step in introduced a futures contract for Standard Poors 500 U.S. companies that allow investors to speculate on the future prices of the stocks. Trading of SP 500 and other financial futures has skintn down some of the barriers that once separated stock, bond, and commodity markets and made it easier for investors to hedge their stock investments. Critics charge that the futures trading at the commodity markets in Chicago have made stock prices more volatile. The Chicago mesa of Trade is the largest futures and options exchange in the Unites States, the largest in the world is Eurex, an electronic European flip-flop.GLOBAL COMMODITY MARKET It is the trading of materials used to make finished products, Is far more important that what the most people give it credit for. Its what to gives millions consumers worldwide their cups of creamy lattes, their breakfast cereals, the steel for their home construction, and even the fuel to run their cars. In fact inter subject commodity trading is a multi-billion dollar business, and on average the number of trade executed in the commodity exchanges are about basketball team times as much as those on major stock exchanges.And to be honest in the recent past it has been anything but dull. In the past five yrs commodities have provided all the thrills and spills of a high octane Vin Diesel movie. The idea of trading in commodity future contracts is really very old school, although it has occurred new age glitz because of electronic exchanges. Most experts trace their origins back to Japan, were rice futures were outgrowth traded in the 17th century. Future market for precious metals such as gold and silver has to a fault been around since in the nineteenth century with maize contracts with the Chicago Board Of Trade (CBOT).Basically commodity futures allow buyers and sellers to make bets on the expected future spot prices. They help both sides obtain insurance for the future value of their outputs or inputs. Cereals were first to be traded under t he future contracts and the farmers were the first to use such contracts as they protect them from any steep fall in the value of crop harvested in future. Commodity future differed from virtue derivatives in ternary important ways 1. They are derivative securities not claims on long living corporations. 2. They are short maturity claims on real assets 3. nlike financial assets, they experience distinct seasonal variations in price and volatility Today there are more than 50 commodity exchanges in the world wide trading in more than 100 products. The major products come under five categories 1. Precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, etc. ) 2. Industrial metals (copper, nickel, aluminum, zinc, etc. ) 3. Agricultural commodities (wheat, corn, cotton, oilseeds, coffee, cocoa, sugar etc. ) 4. Livestock (pork bellies, cattle, etc. ) 5. Energy(crude oil, natural gas, petrol, diesel etc. ) anoint makes up the worlds largest commodity future market. Daily turnover on the New York Merc antile deepen(NY mex) alone totals about $15 billion) followed by coffee, steel, gold and wheat. New contract ideas however keep popping up all the time. For instance, freight futures are likewise traded on the Norwegian futures and Options Clearing upkeep and the Nymex. While the Chicago Mercantile exchnge9 now taken over by the CBOT) offers contracts on temperatures, useful for hedging agricultural commodity or energy prices. COMMODITY emerging TRADING EVOLUTION OF FUTURE TRADING AND ITS ease up STATUS Organized future market evolved in India by the condition up of Bombay Cotton Trade affiliation Ltd. in 1875. In 1893, pursual widespread discontent amongst leading cotton mill owners and merchants over the functioning of the Bombay Cotton Trade Association, a separate link by the agnomen Bombay COTTON convert Ltd. was constituted. Futures trading in oilseeds were organized in India for the first time with the setting up of Gujarati VyapariMandali in 1900, which carried on futures trading in groundnut, castor seed and cotton. Before the Second World War broke out in 1939 several futures markets in oilseeds were functioning in Gujarat and Punjab.Future trading in Raw Jute and Jute Goods began in Kolkata with the establishment of the Calcutta Hessian commute Ltd. , in 1919. Later East Indian Jute Association Ltd. was set up in 1927 for organizing futures trading in Raw Jute. These two linkup amalgamated in195 to form the present East India Jute Hessian Ltd. , to conduct organized trading in both Raw Jute and Jute goods. In case of wheat, future markets were in existence at several centers at Punjab and U. P. The most notable amongst them was Chamber of commerce at Hapur, which was established in1913.Other markets were located at Amritsar, Moga, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Fazilka, Dhuri, Barnala and Bhatinda in Punjab and Muzaffarnagar, Chansausi, Meerut, Saharanpur, Hathras, Ghazibad, Sikenderabad and Barielly in U. P. Futures market in Bullion began a t Mumbai in 1920 and later similar markets came up at Rajkot, Jaipur, Jamnagar, Kanpur, Delhi and Calcutta. In due course several other exchanges were also created in the country to trade in such diverse commodities as pepper, turmeric, potato, sugar and Gur (jaggory). later onward independence, the Constitution of India brought the subject of bank line turns and Futures in the coupler list.As a result, the responsibility for regulation of commodity futures markets developed on Govt. of India. A bill on forward contracts was reffered t an expert committee headed by Prof. A. D. Shroff select committees of two successive Parliaments and finally in declination 1952 Forward Contracts (Regulation) meet, 1952, was enacted. The make a motion provided for 3-tier regulatory system (a) An acquaintance recognized by the governance of India on the recommendation of Forward markets bearing (b) The Forward Markets Commission (it was set up in September 1953) (c) The telephone exchange authorities.Forward Contracts (Regulation) Rules were notified by the Central government in July, 1954. The Act divides the commodities into 3 categories with reference to extent of regulation, viz (a) The commodities in which futures trading can be organized under the auspices of recognized association. (b) The Commodities in which the future trading is prohibited. (c) Those commodities in which have neither being traded under the recognized association nor prohibited are referred as free Commodities and the association organized in such free commodities is required to obtain the surety of Registration from the forward Markets Commission.In the seventies, most of the registered associations became inactive, as futures as well as forward trading in the commodities for which they were registered came to be either suspended or prohibited altogether. The Khursho Committee(June 1980) had recommended reintroduction of futures trading in most of the major commodities, including cotton , Kapas, raw jute and jute goods and suggested that get going may be taken for introducing futures trading in commodities, like potatoes, onions, etc. at appropriate time.The government, fitly initiated futures trading in Potato during the latter(prenominal) half of 1980 in quite a few markets in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. After the introduction of economic reforms since June 1991 and the consequent gradual trade and industry easiness in both the domestic and external sectors, the Govt. of India appointed in June 1993 one more committee on Forward Markets under Chairmanship of Prof. K. N. Kabra. The Committee submitted its comprehend in September 1994. THE MAJORITY REPORT OF THE Committee ecommended that futures trading be introduced in 1) Basmati Rice 2) Cotton Kapas 3) Raw Jute Jute Goods 4) Groundnut, rapeseed/mustard seed, cottonseed, sesame seed, helianthus seed, safflower seed, copra and soya bean, oils and oilcakes of all of them. 5) Rice brain oil 6) beaver oil its oilcake 7) Linseed 8) Silver 9) Onions. The committee also recommended that some of the existing commodity exchanges particularly the ones in pepper and castor seed, may be upgraded to the level of international future markets.The liberalized policy being followed by the Government of India and the gradual withdrawal of the procurement and distribution channel necessitated setting in place a market mechanism to perform the economic functions of price husking and risk management. The case Agriculture Policy announced in July 2000 and announcements of Honble Finance Minister in the Budget Speech for 2002-2003 were indicative of Governments crock up to put in place a mechanism of futures trade/market. As a follow up the Government issued notifications on 1. 4. 003 permitting futures trading in the commodities, with the issue of these notifications futures trading is not prohibited in any commodity. Options trading in commodity are, however presently prohibited. ECONOMIC BENEFIT OF FUTURE TRADING ITS PROSPECTUS Futures contracts perform two important functions of price discovery and price risk management with reference to the given commodity. It is useful to all segments of economy. It is useful to producer because he can get an idea of the price likely to run at a future point of time and therefore can decide between various competing commodities, the surmount that suits him.It modifys the consumer get an idea of the price at which commodity would be available at a future point of time. He can do decorous costing and cover his purchases by making forward contracts. The futures trading is very useful to the exportingers as it provides an advance information of the price likely to prevail and thereby help the exporter in quoting a realistic price and thereby secure export contract in a competitive market. Having entered into an export contract, it enables him to hedge his risk by operating in futures market.Other benefits of futures are (i) Price stabili zation-in times of violent price fluctuations this mechanism dampens the peaks and lifts up the valleys i. e. the amplitude of price variation is reduced. (ii) Leads to integrated price structure throughout the country. (iii) Facilitates lengthy and complex, production and manufacturing activities. (iv) Helps balance in supply and demand position throughout the year. (v) Encourages competitions and acts as a price barometer to farmers and other trade functionaries.Futures trading are also capable of being misused by unscrupulous speculators. In order to effectiveguard against uncontrolled speculation sure regulatory measures are introduced from time to time. They are (a) Limit an open position of an individual operator to retard over trading. (b) Limit on price fluctuation (daily/ hebdomadally) to continue disordered upswing or downswing in prices (c) Special margin deposits to be calm on dramatic purchases or sales to curb excessive conceptional activity through financial restraints. d) Minimum/maximum prices to be positivistic to prevent future prices from falling below the levels that are un remunerative and from rising above the levels not warranted by genuine supply and demand factors. During shortages, radical like skipping trading in certain delivers of contract, closing the markets for a specified period and even closing out the contract to overcome fate situations are taken. PROSPECTS With the gradual withdrawal of the government from various sectors in the ost ease era, the need has been felt that various operators in the commodities market be provided with a mechanism to hedge and transfer their risks. Indias obligation under WTO to open agriculture sector to world trade would require futures trade in a wide motley of primary commodities and their products to enable diverse market functionaries to cope with the price volatility prevailing in the worlds market. CHARECTERISTICS OF FUTURE TRADING A Futures Contract is a highly standardize d contract with certain distinct features.Some of the important features are as under (a) Futures trading are necessarily organized under the auspices of a market association s that such trading is confirmed to or conducted through members of the association in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Rules byelaws of the association. (b) It is incessantly entered into for a standard variety known as basis variety with the permission to deliver other identified varieties known as concomitant able varieties. (c) The units of price quotation and trading are fixed in these contracts, parties to the contracts not being capable of altering these units. d) The delivery periods are specified. (e) The seller in a futures market has the choice to decide whether to deliver goods against outstanding sale contracts. In case he decides to deliver goods, he can do so not just now at the location of the Association through which trading is organized but also at a number of other pre-spec ified delivery centers. (f) In futures market actual delivery of goods takes place only in a very few cases. proceeding are mostly squared up before the due date of the contract and contract and contracts are settled by payment of differences without any physical delivery of goods taking place.RECENT TRENDS IN COMMODITY TRADING constitutions Commodity Outputs Commodity thinking is undergoing a more direct revival thanks to the theorists of natural capital whose products, some economists argue, are the only genuine commodities- air, water and calories we consume being mostly interchangeable when they are free of pollution or disease. Whether we wish t think of these things as tradable commodities rather than birthrights has been a major source of controversy in many nations.Most types of environmental economics consider the shift to measuring them inevitable contestation that reframing political economy to consider the flow of these basic commodities first and foremost, helps avoi ds use of any military fiat except to protect natural capital itself, and basing credit-worthiness more strictly on commitment to preserving biodiversity aligns the long-term interests of eco regions societies, and individuals. They seek comparatively conservative sustainable development schemes that would be amiable to measuring welfare over long periods of tie, typically seven generations, in line with essential American thought.Weather trading However, this is not the only way in which commodity thinking interacts with ecologists thinking. Hedging began as a way to escape the consequences of damage done by natural conditions. It has matured not only into a system of interlocking guarantees, but also into a system of in straightway trading on the actual damage done by weather, victimization weather derivatives for a rice, this relieves the purchaser of concerns such as whether a arrest will hurt the Brazilian coffee crop, whether there will be a drought in the U. S. orn belt an d what the chances that we will have a cold winter are, driving natural gas prices higher and creating butchery in Florida orange areas. Emissions Trading Weather trading is just one example of prejudicious commodities, units of which represent harm rather than good. Economy is three fifths of ecology argues Mike Nickerson one of many economic theorists who hold that natures productive services and waste presidency services are poorly accounted for. One way to fairly allocate the waste brass capacity of nature is cap and trade- market structure that is used to trade toxic emissions rights in the United States, e. . SO2. This is in effect a negative commodity, a right to throw something away. In this market, the automated teller machines capacity to absorb certain amounts of pollutants is measured, divided into units, and traded amongst various market players. Those who emit more SO2 must pay those who emit less. Critics of such schemes argue that unauthorized or unregulated emi ssions still happen, and that grandfathering schemes often permit major polluters, such as the state governments own agencies, or poorer countries, to expand emissions and take jobs, while the SO2 output still floats over the border and causes death.In practice, political squelch has overcome most such concerns and it is questionable whether this is a capacity that depends on U. S. clout The Kyoto Protocol established a similar market in globose atomic number 19house gas emissions without U. S. support. Community as a commodity This highlights one of the major issues with global markets of either the positive or negative kind. A community must somehow believe that the commodity instrument is real, enforceable, and well worth paying for. Avery substantial part of the anti-globalization motility opposes the Commodification of currency, national sovereignty, and traditional cultures.The capacity to repay debt, as in the current global credit money regime anchored by the curse for international settlements, does not in their view correspond to measureable benefits to human wellbeing worldwide. They seek a fairer way for societies to compete in the global markets that will not require conversion of natural capital to natural resources nor human capital to move to developed nations in order to find work. Some economic systems green economists would replace gold standard with a biodiversity standard. It remains to be seen if such plans have any merit other than as olitical ways to draw attention to the way capitalism itself interacts with life. Human life as a commodity The green economists and the more conservative environmental economics argue that not only natural ecologies, but also the life of the individual human being is treated as a commodity by the global markets. A good example is the IPCC calculations cited by the Global Commons Institute as placing a value on a human life in the developed world 15x higher than in the developing world, based fillet of solely on the ability to pay to prevent climate changes. Overview of commodities exchange in IndiaForward Markets Commission (FMC) headquartered at Mumbai, is a regulatory authority which is overseen by the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Govt. of India. It is a statutory frame set up in 1953 under the Forward Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1952. The Act provides that the Commission shall consist of not less than two but not colossal four members appointed by the Central Government out of them being nominated by the Central Government to be thereof. Currently Commission comprises three members among whom Shri. B. C. Khatua, IAS, IS THE Chairman and Shri.D. S. Kolamkar IES, and Shri Rajeev Kumar Agarwal, IRS, are the members of the commission. The functions of Forward Markets Commission are as follows (a) To advise the Central Government in respect of the recognition or the withdrawal of recognition from any association or in respect of any other matter a rising out of the administration of the Forward Contracts(Regulation) Act 1952. (b) To keep forward markets under observation and to take such action in relation to them, as it may consider necessary, in custom of the powers assigned to it by or under the Act. c) To collect and whenever the Commission thinks it necessary, to state information regarding the trading conditions in respect of goods to which any of the purvey of the act is made applicable, including information regarding supply, demand and prices, and to submit to the Central Government, periodical reports on the working(a) of forward markets relating to such goods. (d) To make recommendations generally with a view to improving the organization and working of forward markets. (e) To understand the inspection of the accounts and other documents of any recognized association or any member of such association whenever it considers.List of Commodity Exchanges in India 1. Batinda Om Oil Exchange Ltd. , Batinda. 2. The Bo mbay Commodity Exchange Ltd. , Mumbai 3. The Rajkot Seeds oil Bullion Merchants Association Ltd 4. The Kanpur Commodity Exchange Ltd. , Kanpur 5. The Meerut Agro Commodities Exchange Co. Ltd. , Meerut 6. The Spices and Oilseeds Exchange Ltd. 7. Ahmedabad Commodity Exchange Ltd. 8. Vijay Beopar Chamber Ltd. , Muzaffarnagar 9. India Pepper Spice Trade Association, Kochi 10. Rajdhani Oils and Oilseeds Exchange Ltd. , Delhi 11. National Board of Trade, Indore 12. The Chamber Of Commerce, Hapur 13. The East India Cotton Association, Mumbai 4. The Central India technical Exchange Ltd. , Gwalior 15. The East India Jute Hessian Exchange Ltd. 16. First Commodity Exchange of India Ltd, Kochi 17. Bikaner Commodity Exchange Ltd. , Bikaner 18. The Coffee Futures Exchange India Ltd, Bangalore 19. Esugarindia Limited 20. National Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited 21. Surendranagar Cotton oil Oilseeds Association Ltd 22. Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd 23. National Commodity Der ivatives Exchange Ltd 24. Haryana Commodities Ltd. , Hissar 25. e-Commodities Ltd Of these 25 commodities exchanges the MCX, NCDEX and NMCEIL are the major Commodity Exchanges.Multicommodity exchangeof India Ltd MCX is an independent and de-mutualised exchange based in Mumbai. completed on 10 November, 2003, it is the third largest bullion exchange and fourth largest energy exchange in the world. Recognized by the Government of India it deals in legion(predicate) commodities and carries out online trading, clearing and settlement processes for commodities future marketcountrywide. MCX COMDEX is Indias foremost and sole composite commodity futures price index National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange of India Ltd (NCDEX) located in Mumbai, is a public limited company incorporate on 23rd April 2003.Promoted by national level establishments it is run by professional management. Regulated by the Forward Market Commission with reference to futures trading in commodities, it trades in various commodities online. The NCDEX is covered by * Companies Act * Stamp Act * ContractsAct * Forward Commission (Regulation) Act National Multi-Commodity Exchange of India Limited (NMCEIL) is considered the first de-mutualized, online exchange dealing in legion(predicate) commodities. Incorporated on 20th December 2001, it is promoted and run by * Central Warehousing Corporation National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing federation of India Limited * Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation Limited * National Institute of Agricultural Marketing * Gujarat State Agricultural Marketing Board * Neptune Overseas Limited The Commodity Exchanges with their extensive reach embrace new participants, resulting in a the right way price discovery process. COMPANY PROFILE Evolution of the company It all started in the year 1987 when Mr. C. J. George and Mr. Ranajit Kanjilal founded Geojit as a partnership firm. In 1993, Mr. Ranajit Kanjilal from the firm and Geojit became the proprietary con cern of Mr.C. J. George. In 1994, it became a Public Limited political party named Geojit Securities Ltd. The Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (KSIDC) in 1995, became a co-promoter of Geojit by acquiring a 24 percent risk in the company, the only instance in India of a government entity participating in the equity of a stock broking company. The year 1995 also saw Geojit being listed on the leading regional stock exchanges. Geojit listed at the stock exchange, Mumbai (BSE) in the year 2000. Companys wholly owned subsidiary, Geojit Commodities Ltd. launched Online Future Trading in Agri -commodities, precious metals and energy futures on multiple commodity exchanges in 2003. This was also the year when the company was renamed Geojit Financial Service Ltd. (GFSL). The Board consists of professional directors including a Kerala Government nominee. With effect from July 2005, the Company is also listed at National Stock Exchange (NSE). Company is a character member of the Financial supplying Standards Board of India and is one of the largest sediment Participant (DP) brokers in the country.On 31st December 2007, the company closed its commodities business and surrendered its membership in the various commodity exchanges held by Geojit Commodities Ltd. Global banking major BNP Paribas took a stake in the year 2007 to become the single largest shareholder. concomitantly, Geojit Financial serve Ltd. has been renamed as Geojit BNP Paribas Financial run Ltd. VISION The vision of Geojit is to be leading financial and commodities market intermediator for individuals and institutional clients from India band overseas.They continually strive to raise their products and service standards by intelligent occupation of technology and processes. MANAGEMENT OF GEOJIT COMTRADE Geojit COMtrade offers trading services in Commodities Futures. It is managed by a group of professionals having considerable years of experience and expertise in Commodities, ever since the reintroduction of Commodities Futures in India in 2003. Geojit COMtrade offers its client state-of-art trading tools such as * * Technical and fundamental analysis at this website and also through the companys large branch communicate * * Research Reports * SMS alerts on market movement * * Content rich website * * Online trading * * Facility to view online ledger, holdings, positions, etc. Geojit COMtrade also conducts seminars, distributes free in-house literature and holds interactive sessions that help raise awareness on the future market. The number of participants is continuously on the rise thus leading to increased volumes and market efficiency. Geojit COMtrade is a member of the following Exchanges * National Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited (NMCE) * National Commodity Derivatives Exchange Limited (NCDEX) * Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited (MCX) * National Spot Exchange of India Ltd (NSE) Geojit COMtrade offers futures trading through multiple exchanges in varied commodities such as Agricultural Commodities * grove Crops like safety, Coffee, Arecanut, etc. * Spices like Pepper, Cardamom, Turmeric, Jeera, Chilly, etc. * Pulses like Chana * Oil Oil Seeds like Refined Soya oil, Soya bean, Cotton seed, chinese mustard Seed, Mustard oil, etc. * Cereals like Maize * Other commodities like guar gum, Guar seed, Menthaoil, Potato, Sugar, etc. * Commodity Spot products like E Gold, E Silver, E Copper, E Lead, and E Zinc. Precious metals * Gold, Silver, and Platinum Metals * Copper, Lead, Aluminum, Steel, Tin, Nickel, Zinc, etc. Energy products * rasping oil, Natural Gas, Carbon Credits, etc. MILESTONES Product innovation backed by a high level of domain specific knowledge and progressive technology has helped Geojit to set many milestones including numerous industries. 986 * social status in cochin china Stock Exchange (CSE). 1994 * Becomes a Public Limited Company named Geojit S ecurities Ltd. 1995 * Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (KSIDC) acquires 24 percent equity stake. * Membership in National Stock Exchange (NSE). * Public Issue1996 * dunk of Portfolio Management Services with SEBI registration. 1997 * Depository Participant (DP) under National Securities Depository Limited. 1999 * Membership in Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). 2000 * BSE Listing. * 1st broking firm in India to offer online trading facility. * Commences Derivative Trading with NSE. Integrates the 1st Bank Payment Gateway in the country for Internet Trading. 2001 * Becomes Indias first DP to launch depository transactions through Internet. * Establishes articulatio post in the UAE to serve NRI customers. 2002 * 1st in India to launch an integrated internet trading system for silver & Derivatives segments. 2003 * Geojit Commodities Limited, wholly owned subsidiary, launched Online Futures Trading in agri-commodities, precious metals and in energy futures on multiple commodity exchanges. * National launch of online futures trading in Rubber, Pepper, Gold, Wheat and Rice. Company renamed as Geojit Financial Services Ltd. 2004 * National launch of online futures trading in Cardamom. 2005 * NSE Listing. * Geojit Credits, a subsidiary, registers with RBI as a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC). * National launch of online futures trading in Coffee. 2006 * Charter member of the Financial Planning Standards Board of India. 2007 * BNP Paribas takes a stake in the companys equity, making it the single largest shareholder. * Establishes Joint Venture in Saudi Arabia to serve the Saudi national and the NRI. 2008 * BNP Paribas Securities India (P) Ltd. a Joint Venture with BNP Paribas S. A. or Institutional Brokerage. * 1st brokerage to offer full Direct Market Access execution in India for institutional clients. 2009 * engulf of Property Services division. * forward of online trading in Currency Derivatives. * Consequent to BNP Paribas becoming the l argest stakeholder in Geojit BNP Paribas, company is renamed as Geojit BNP Paribas Financial Services Ltd. 2010 * propel ofFLIP (Financial Investment Platform), a new advanced online investment platform. * Launch of state of the art Mobile Trading platform to empower clients to trade from anywhere, even while on the move through the innovative application FLIP- ME. Board of DirectorsMr. A. P. Kurian Non Executive & free ChairmanMr. C. J. George Managing Director & top dog PromoterMr. Alkeshkumar Sharma Non Executive & autarkic DirectorMr. Olivier Le Grand Non Executive DirectorMr. Pierre Rousseau Non Executive DirectorMr. Mahesh Vyas Non Executive & Independent DirectorMr. RakeshJhunjhunwala Non Executive DirectorMr.RamanathanBupathy Non Executive & Independent DirectorMr. Pun noose George Non Executive DirectorA growing footprintWith a presence in almost all the major states of India, the network of 558 offices across 300 cities and towns presently covers Andh ra Pradesh, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, New Delhi, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal and West Bengal.GEOJITCOMMODITIES * scrap 1 Broking house status in terms of Trading Terminals rebuke & Bradstreet Survey 2008 * The first brokerage to offer online trading in Rubber (Mar 2003), Pepper (Apr2003), Gold (Oct2003), Wheat and Rice (Dec2003), Cardamom (Apr 2004) and Coffee (Feb2006) * sign image of Industry Pioneer since inception of commodity futures in 2003 Its backing range from investors, co-operative societies, state and national institutions to dealers, traders, manufacturers, financiers, speculators, arbitragers, etc.Geojit COMtrade does not have proprietary interest in any commodity and therefore is price neutral. Transaction costs are highly affordable attracting a spectrum of investors. Membership in multiple exchanges gives clients the added advant age of arbitrage. Geojit has specialized staff that provide the required guidance, help and enable clients to enter at the appropriate price. Geojit COMtrade Increasing investor awareness/education * Daily, weekly and special reports on various commodities & currencies covering both international as well as domestic markets. Seminars and workshops designed to help both the new clients as well as experienced traders. * Increased media spending to make ourselves more visible in print, visual as well as digital media, so that our reports and views reach better to our investors. * Offers SMS / email reports at no additional cost. GEOJIT ANTHEM DRIVEN BY TRUST With trust, our driving force Transparent in daily chores, Passionate, compassionate, We keep Geojit on course humble of our call We care for our patrons all. Grateful for our growth before We seek blessings to grow tall. Shanti ho barabaar shanti ho Sayyam, Samridhi, Swaasthya ho,Geojit Jahaan ho Expanding far and wide, And servi ng the world with pride, commitment inspiring us To be beyond the high tide A brighter word to make Unfurling the flag we take All for one and one for all, With love to last above all. DEPARTMENTAL STUDY Administration * Provides support and service for the activities of the board of directors * Coordination of branch activities and provision of interaction between branches and the main office * Expanding the reorganization of Bank market network. * To create appropriate condition for efficient operation of structural franchisees Human resourceHuman Resources and Administration department is one, which facilitates smooth working of the organization by looking into the human resource side and also the overall administration of organization. The Human Resource Management is very important for the success of any organization. Different individual exhibit similar and dissimilar pattern of behavior. They have their own set of needs, drives, goals and experiences. Management should be aw are of their requirements. Manpower management is the most critical job. Proper human resources management will enhance the efficiency and performance of people at work.HR MISSION * To create HR policies and processes which are employee friendly * To build a culture of warm forthcoming and professional with a sense of self-control and pride. * To encourage innovative thinking. * To encourage transparency and team work. * To develop leaders at all levels with general management skills. * To create a skill organization. * To develop competencies and skills through educational activity and development. * To constantly raise levels of employee productivity. * To work towards attaining and sustaining the best employer status Other functions ofHuman Resource Department RecruitmentRecruitment means generating a kitty of qualified employees for job. Announcing job opportunities to public in such a way that number of suitable people will apply for them. Recruitment process is done only at the initial stage. Mainly qualified people are selected for work. Selection Selection means choosing right profile from that number, those applicants whom are most likely to succeed in the job. After getting the list of candidates an interview is conducted at the unit level. Final plectron is made after testing their skill and technical abilities by putting them on the job. schooling and developmentTraining and development is also done in Geojit. After recruitment and selection the new hands are given on the job training at the unit level. All histrions are kept as trainers for three months to one year. Later they are absorbed as permanent workers considering their performance. advancement Promotion is the transfer of an employee to a new position which comments high pay, perquisite status both at work and the community outside and rush benefits perhaps the greater job credential. And more senior position from which a psyche render better service to his company. His duties, responsibilities, status and pay also increase.Company gives keen attention with regard to promotion. Wage structure Wage structure is different for different position Allowances Second most important divisor of wage package is dearness allowance, which is paid to offset the rise in prices. Allowances like conveyance, house rent etc. Employees provident fund Company follows contributory provident fund. The workers contribute some percentage of their wage (basic pay + DA) and the management contributes at an equal rate. Labor welfare fund at that place is a labor welfare fund in which the employee contributes some rupee per head and the employer contributes at double to the same.The fund enables the subscriber to get children discourse of self and dependents etc Thus all employees are covered social security schemes of government, enabling education of children of workers etc. Gratuity Employees are eligible for the bequest based on payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 Welfare to worke rs Rest room A rest mean is covered provided to employees to relax at concerned time. Facilities of relaxing The company also provides siting facilities for workers when they are getting interval or lunch. Health One of the important thing is that the employees general health both physical and mental should be cared.The factors which influence the general health of the worker can be divided into two broad groups. 1) Those which are associated with his working environment 2) Those which he shares with the rest of the community Cleanliness The company is kept sportsmanlike and free from effluvia. Accumulation of dust removed by proper drainage facility made in the chemical treatment. Walls, doors and windows shall be repainted or varnished at least once in three years government of waste and effluence Effective arrangement shall be made for the disposal of waste. It does not harm any local people in any way. Ventilation and temperatureEffective arrangements shall be made for ventil ation and temperature so as to provide comfort to the workers and prevent injury to their health. Adequate ventilation is made for idle air. Air condition is provided for every room. Dust and fires Effective management shall be taken preview the inhalation and accumulation of dust and fires or other impurities in parities at workplace. Lighting The state government may dictate standards of proper artificial nature lighting facilities are included. Drinking water on that point shall be effective arrangements for some drinking water for worker at convenient points.FINANCE AND ACCOUNTS Finance is the lifeblood of any organization. It deals with both the acquisition as well as allocation of notes. Hence pay department assumes a great role in this organization. A finance department in an organization is responsible for maintaining fair and just accounting, working capital management, long term funding decision making, costing etc. The finance department provides authorization and co ntrol to all other subsystems to utilize money more effectively through a well-designed mechanism the major functions of a finance department can be grouped as follows- )Preparation of financial description 2) Providing sufficient funds to all departments. 3) capital flows within the firm 4) Cash forecasting and budgeting 5) Analysis of transactions conducted by each branch office 6) Pay in and Pay out DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Chief financial police officer is the head of the finance department the entire financial operationsare controlled and coordinated by C. F. O. The entire reports are submitted before him and it is his duty to take appropriate steps. He is assisted by Chief Manager Finance. The general accounts of the company are managed by the Chief Manager.Preparation of reports and statements also conies under his duty, matters concerning pay in and pay out are also determined and analyzed by Chief Finance Manager. The Chief Manager is assisted by Manager Finance. ben eath him there are two assistant managers, four executives and three junior-grade executives. It is the duty of these people to record and analyze the normal accounts and transactions of a day and to report it to Chief Manager Finance. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY psyche FINANCIAL OFFICER CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER (fig-1)Department structural hierarchy JUNIOR EXECUTIVE EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT MANAGERMANAGING OFFICER The departmentis concerned with the provisions and use of accounting information to managers within organizations, to provide them with the basis to make informed business decisions that will allow them to be better furnish in their management and control functions. The accounting department jointly performs the financial function of Geojit Functions of accounting department include preparing, checking and accounting the following vouchers andbills. ? Cash receipt and cash payment. ?Bank receipt and bank payment. ? Purchase journal. daybook voucher. ?Preparing debit/credit notes . Updating vouchers in computer system. ?Preparation of satisfaction statement such as bank, party accounts etc. ?Maintain and safe custody of vouchers, records, ledgers and registers. ?Review of the generalledger and sub ledger and reconciliation. ? run into safety custody of cash andunused cheque. ?Maintain the fixed asset register and ensure proper filling of the bills of purchase, installation certificate etc. for the tax purpose. ?Ensure compliance of the various commitments for the borrowings and adherence of the schedule for the quittance of the interest and the principal.OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT The past few decades have given-emphasis to operations functions mainly because it is the important subsystem of an organization and is responsible for customer satisfaction. As this department deals directly with customer satisfaction the company requires careful policies and procedures to carry out the activities under the operations department so that the services provided by them must be of a specific quality. The operations department of Geojit is again subdivided into five check to the services they deal with. They are 1) Risk management clearing and settlement ) Compliance 3) Commodity 4) Branch operations 5) Depository A study of each of these subdivisions is made their hierarchy, function of each official and the findings are noteworthy in the coming pages. RISK MANAGEMENT CLEARING AND SETTLEMENT This is one of the subdivisions of the operations department. As stated earlier the operations departments are subdivided according to the functions they perform. Hence it is this subdivision of operations department which deals with the function of management of funds that arise from trading.Though buying and selling of shares take place daily in stock exchanges, settlements of transactions is executed for a specified no of days after clubbing daily transactions for the entire period. This is known as settlements cycle. For example the beginning of a new settlement is on Wednesday of every week in N. S. E and it ends on next Tuesday. So it is the duty of this subdivision of the operations department to keep the recordsregarding transactions of each customer analyze whether he had made all the transactions in a proper way or not.It is the duty-of this department to check whether a person has paid the amount completely, if he had bought any shares and also to check whether the person is paid completely if he had sold the shares through Geojit. The chief manager (Risk and settlement) stands up in the hierarchy of the department and hence he is the head of the department. He controls and coordinates all the functions of this subdivision. Risk management of funds (of company and its branches) is one of the major functions. The chief manager is assisted by the senior manager (clearing and settlement).The senior manager (clearing and settlement) deals with the process of buying andselling of shares and thereby maintaining proper funds. The re is an Asst. Manager under himwho checks the B. S. E operations. The Asst. Manager is assisted by three senior executives further there are executives junior executives and office assistants to help the topmanagement. A diagrammatic representation of the hierarchy of this departmental subdivision is given on next page. MANAGEMENT CLEARNING SETTLEMENT CHIEF MANAGER (RISK) senior MANAGER (CLEARING SETTLE