Vincent Van Gogh the Sower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vincent Van Gogh the Sower - Essay causeThe essay Vincent Van Gogh the Sower analyzes the painting by Vincent Van Gogh. Being a marvelous consequence of new wave Goghs signature style The Sower illustrates wise biblical statements, which play a huge role in the life of the painter, and has a cloudless metaphorical meaning. The painting combines straight and wavy brushstrokes. Thus, the lines used by avant-garde Gogh to create a scope, which the sower is walking through, are quite abrupt but intertwined. As van Gogh was a religious man the image of a solitary working man, who starts his day with the dawn, communicates symbolic meaning influenced by biblical themes, according to which everyone reaps what he or she sows. A huge circular fulgent shape of the rising sun makes the figure of the sower look small as if stressing on frailty of benevolent life, which is brief and may end before the day is done. Such deliberate variety of shapes used by van Gogh (including straight geo metrical shapes of the sun rays) within one piece serves philosophical purposes and emphasizes the tonic water of The Sower, in which a bright sun painted in a vivid color baron be a symbol of God. Although the painting has lots of implied lines it does not seem to have a clear implied mass. Both the sun behind the sowers back and the sower himself have actual mass. However, although the space of the painting is flat and two-dimensional, the field that the sawer walks through seems to have an implied depth partially due to its vertical placement, which creates an illusion of depth.

Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Business make known - Essay ExampleThe most recent count of the dead in 7,000 and rising, and as rescue efforts step forward various problems are starting to emerge relating to the difficulties in distributing aid, and the challenges in successfully managing the logistics tied to the relief process. In some areas that are the most badly hit and where the people have been chronically in conduct of help, the aid simply has not arrived. It is in this spirit that this business report is written, with an eye to exploring new products that pile be deployed and employ in disaster areas such as Nepal, with the aim of helping the displaced Nepalese in the most effective manner. The logistics of delivering aid to those who are most in need of them in disaster-struck areas such as Nepal require novel solutions, and require creativity in the use of available new technologies and products in pronounce to crack seemingly intractable problems, save lives, and give hope to both rescue provider s and the most larger-than-life and destitute victims. The earthquake in Nepal and the dire situation of the people who are in the disaster areas suck up the importance and the urgency of the use and availability of such new products. The problem lies in unearthing these products and creatively do use of them for them precisely in order to help in the direst situations in badly hit part of Nepal and other such zones of disaster. The purpose of this business report is to present new products that can be deployed and used in disaster-hit areas (Khan Burke).

Analyzing a firm's current financing choices Assignment

Analyzing a firms current financing choices - Assignment ExampleWalt Disney is single of the largest entertainment companies in the world. It was founded by two brothers Walt and Ray in 1923 with an initial objective of being a cartoon animation network. Since then the play along has grown to become iodine of the largest studios of Hollywood. In addition, this company is one of the Dow Jones industrial average components. Finally, the company has expanded over the years and currently it has a number of subsidiaries e.g. Euro Disney and Hong Kong Disney. (disney.com,2008)From the remnant sheet, we find the company has a common stock of 3.6 billion authorized shares with a comparison jimmy of $0.1. From the authorized 2.6 billion shares were issued on 29th march, 2008 and 29th September, 2007. This makes the value of the companys equity to be $26.546billion. In addition, the company has a favorite(a) stock of 100 million authorized shares with a par value of $0.1. Walt Disney ha s not issued any of its preferred stock yet. There are significant differences between preferred stock and common stock. They includeOn the other hand, for Walt Disney to fully finance its operations it has to run through long and short debts. The long term debts include differed income taxes, borrowings, minority interests, and other unspecified long-term liabilities. To maintain short-term cash flow the company also has the following short-term debts account payables and other unspecified accumulated liabilities, current portion of borrowings and finally unearned royalties and other advances.Walt Disney like any other big company in United States has treasury stock of 780.3 million shares by 29th march, 2008. This is the stock that has been repurchased by the mickle from the public. The stock must be issued first, purchased by the public and paid for subsequently reacquired by the corporation, and cancelled or reissued. Treasury stock is not entitled to participate in dividen d distribution and finally it does not have

Paper and Coin currency Vs Electronic Money Transfer Systems Essay

Paper and Coin currency Vs Electronic money Transfer Systems - Essay ExampleBill Gates, while delivering his lecture at International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas (Nevada) in January this year, saidSoftware is providing power, entirely software has got to provide simplicity. And thats why our investment levels are dismission up in the toughest problems Security, privacy, speech recognition, video recognition - and all of those things we will fold into this platform.11. immediately we are in an IT era and wish to live in a Digital life-style. Being digital has become sort of a fashion statement. The older generation expresses its reservation regarding security issues etc. but the Gen-X is fully geared up to exploit the full potential of Digital age.Well, having said about the attitude, it for certain needs to be pointed out that the youth of the day is not as carefree as is universe branded, at times, by the elders. The fact is, the technologies interchangeable Electro nic silver Transfer or Electronic property Transfer have proved their utility beyond doubt and we believe in this capability because we encounter the intricacies of this technology.Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) provides for electronic payments and collections. It is a system of transferring money from one bank peak directly to another without any paper money changing hands e.g.Theres will be much transpa... Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) provides for electronic payments and collections. It is a system of transferring money from one bank reckon directly to another without any paper money changing hands e.g. Using Internet or bank transfers.Using ATM/Debit/Credit Cards etcPayments thorough telephone (using voice synthesizers)In fact the Radio Frequency IDs (RFID) technique is also utilize in Electronic Transfer. RFID tags are used in a wide range of contexts likeElectronic payment cards used in many countries to pay road tolls, bus and metro fares,Electronic security tags u sed by retailers,Intelligent baggage labels used in some airports etcMonitoring the workers within the factory/ company builiding.Advantages of Using Electronic Money Transfer Salary of an employee can be directly deposited in his/ her bank account.Theres will be more transparency in money transfers. For example transfer of huge sums of money to illegal operations like financing the terrorist organizations can now be easily traced, as there will be little number of manual transactions.Money can be transferred in lesser time, usually the same day.It increases the efficiency, prophylactic/ security standards of the bank.Such transfers are less expansive for the bank.Customer is free from the stress of carrying bundles of notes in a bag/ packets etc. hence reducing the threat of robbery.The threat of a Returned Check is gone as well.It results in less paper work meaning less cutting of trees i.e. an environment friendly technique.The day is not far when we do not need to carry any wal let, Credit cards etc. in our pocket, Soon enough we may see the times when well have all our banking records, personal details, identification tags etc in a smart chip embedded in the ring of our middle

Money versus Religious Object Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Money versus Religious Object - Essay patternI have a parachute and obviously money would mean I will be able to buy anything I longed for. Money in itself serves as a religious object. Evidently, benefits of the $10 million will be more compared to the one for the religious object.In my economical perspective, money is the stronghold of my survival and this is why I have chosen to go for the $10 million. It is not that I am not religious. well life is proportion entirelyy related to the money one has in this world. Everyone in this world longs and works leaden to get more and more money. This is beca engage they have a longing for something money provides. In this regard, I confide to some people money serves as a religion. This is so because it controls and manipulates people towards doing some things they were not in all likelihood to do. In order to maintain order and a sense of belongingness in a community, money is a pre-requisite. I choose the $10 million dollars not onl y for a good life tho also for respect in society. I chose it because I also have dreams that I ought to make a reality. I believe money is just a need and would not overcome my religion. I do perceive it differently in my case. I cannot enslave and misuse humanity since I have all the money in the world. I envision a sense of purpose when I have the $10 million dollars and not the religious object. The advantage about the $10 million dollars is that given I use it wisely, I will generate more and more of it and this will boost my survival instincts and that of the society as a whole.

How do gender stereotypes influence the discourses of youth sexuality Essay

How do gender stereotypes influence the discourses of youth intimateity studies by Beres and the forms of sexual coercion among youth studies by Hartwick et al - Essay ExampleThis double standard where sexual existence and assertiveness is concerned is what propagates the gender stereotype (Hartwick et al 159). The same gender stereotype is discussed in Beres denomination which concerns discourses on youth sexuality especially the unplanned sexual flirt it just happened. In this case, women be portrayed as nave where the unplanned sexual encounter is concerned whereas the males are seen as the propagators having had clip to contemplate and plan of their moves to the last detail of how they can lure the woman to bed but at the same time making it appear as is if it just happened (Beres 171). It is this assumption that leads to gender stereotype.According to the investigate carried out by both Hartwick et al and Beres, it is evident that women who engage knowingly in sexual expr ession or openly portray their sexual assertiveness are considered sluts by the society. This negative branding of the women is hitherto not accorded to the men. It is actually a benefit and a normal thing for men to give desperate information and knowledge about sexual matters which even guarantees them positive praises from the same society. It is actually deemed womanly when a man is not sexually pervasive or does not plan for a sexual encounter even when it seems accidental to the woman. ground on this and also as a result of this stereotype, it therefore does not come as a surprise that for the sexually assertive women to term the unplanned sexual encounters as accidents or indicate that it just happened than openly admit they also had premeditated the encounter and had even instigated and propelled it to nearly extent.The lack of belief and even societal pressure for the women to be sexually naive and the men to have sexual machismo is what leads to men becoming irrespons ible and even not care about their sexual actions. Based on Beres article, men are

The experience economy perspective proposes to change the way products Essay

The experience economy sentiment proposes to multifariousness the way products are, designed, promoted, and consumed. What are the marketing consequences of adopting this approach - Essay Exampleys a high obligate that the companies will undergo due to the needed revision to improve and stay in sync with the changes in the markets (Brownlie, et.al, 1999). There are overly a number of companies that fail to realize the new realities which leads to unwanted and outstanding consequences. The experience economy, in a number of ways, proposes the need for a change in the products in footing of design, promotion and even consumption. This paper aims at understanding the various changes that companies need to undertake in price of the marketing of these products. The paper will deal with in brief the various changes that are expected from the companies to change in the product in terms of design, promotion and also consumption. Following which the marketing consequences will be disc ussed in detail.With the growing change of economies and the various technological developments, there has also been a clear change which has been required from the companies as well. The needs of humans change over time and taking the example of Maslows Hierarchy of needs, it is clear that there is a strong connection between the economic growth and the in the flesh(predicate) choice in the current economy (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2004). In the earlier days, the economy would be able to ascertain us to the peoples needs and requirements. The basic needs and Maslows Hierarchys branch step of basic needs like food were easily provided and the growth of the industries led to provide the needful goods to satisfy the other needs like the safety until the social acceptance and also status. However in the recent ages, with the use of the World broad(a) Web and the internet, there have been a few changes in terms of the desire for knowledge, which were earlier satisfied by the informati on economy which provided for answers to the cognitive needs and also the desire for knowledge. There have been changes in almost every sector of the industry and the World Wide Web is now providing the companies with a strong

The Economic Growth of China and Decline of the West Essay

The Economic Growth of mainland China and Decline of the West - Essay casefulIt is also quite possible that China may never overtake the west because its population return is set to fall in coming years, and this will reduce frugal growth greatly. For instance, Due to Chinas policies to require their large population such as the one child per family policy (Qian, 2009), sterilization of people who have two children (Scharping, 2005), China will have a large population sr. over 65 years old. Its working population will, therefore, reduce resulting in slower economic growth due to reduced labor, hence lower GDP. The countries in the west have a cockeyed and almost constant increase in population. There is, therefore, an assurance that the human capital will of all time be available to work in the industries and sectors to increase production (Weston, 2004). Thus, this gives the west a competitive inch of China now and in the future.Chinas political instability to some degree h olds its economic growth. Politically powerful state-owned enterprises and state-controlled banks resist internationalization of their currency, the Yuan. Being government agencies, they usually have control over the policies that are made. Private business groups that support financial liberalization, usually have zero to fragile influence on the Chinese policymaking (Weston, 2004).

Resilient Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Resilient Families - Essay characterThey resonate with the notion that families that play together usually stay compact. Good communication encompasses family members openly talk to one anformer(a) in trust. They discuss matters in unison with each member highly regarding the other opinion. The discussion often come to conclusion when a solution is reached and the solution is that which commensurate with the each of the family members symmetry and convictions. They aptitude to listen to each other and observing both the verbal and non-verbal reactions of the members is key to the success of potent communication. P atomic number 18nts play an integral role in fostering communication in the family. They are responsible for inculcating or instill this virtue into their children as the up bring them. Technology is taking toll in the ability of family members to effectively communicate. More often, individuals get glued to the TV or get consumed by their phone then they end up losin g physical touch with other members. In addition, communication helps in fostering conceptive emotional attachment, unconditional among other aspects in the family.The problem solving techniques that family members employ is crucial in their resiliency especially when confronted with challenges. These techniques manifest when families are able to talk about the challenging situations and work through finding solutions through them. Effective communication will allow the members when faced with challenging situation to express their emotions and envision the conflict in question from various angles of perspectives. Moreover, past experiences are essential in solving emanating problems as it reveals whether the members learnt from the previous experiences.The third facet is the level of connectedness within families. It is prudent that members within a family are capable of not only understanding each other but also provide relieve for one another. Strongly healthy bonded compact families are ideal

Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essays - Essay ExampleA hit occurs when the new information presents a match with the data already entered into the database.Maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, IAFIS is the acronym for The Integrated Automated Fingerprint realisation System. It is the biggest biometric database in the world. It is used by all jurisdictions which is a tremendous help in identifying suspects at hatred scenes. In addition to fingerprints is also houses a criminal history database. The IAFIS provides automated fingerprint search capabilities, possible searching capability, electronic image storage, and electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses, 24 hours a day, 365 days a form. (United States Department of Justice-Federal Bureau of Investigation)CODIS is the acronym for the Combined DNA Index System. It is responsible for exchanging and comparing DNA evidence in violent crime scene investigations by and between crime labs within the United States and several transnational law enforcement agencies.A. Step One - Planning and Direction. The intelligence/analytical process begins and must be pass by from identifying the main focus of the intelligence. It is responsible for delivering the final product to the law enforcement unit that is requesting it.

Three Favorite Words in English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Three Favorite Words in slope - Essay ExampleIt is vital that the deal who fall in love, should respect each other curiously because no matter how people love each other, there are always individual differences that should be bridged. Therefore, it is important for two people to respect each others beliefs, personalities and cultures so that conflicts will be minimized and the possibility of losing the passion will diminish. Trust is also very important in a relationship bound by love because it serves as a glue that holds two different people together who do different things. The modern world now demands both male and female to post to the economic status of the nation and is now a challenge to modern lovers because they have to be outdoor(a) from each other most of the hours of the day and probably even demand more time from others. This situation exposes lovers to temptations that may be difficult to fight however, when one partner is well aware of how much corporate trust t he other has for him, and that trust is respected and valued, love can remain pure between

Finance - Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance - Corporate Governance - Essay ExampleHow do the investors of a high society ensure that the managers of a high society atomic number 18 not involved in stealing their money or making bad investments in some projects? How do the investors exercise their control over the managers of the company? This bring discusses all relevant issues related to answering all these three questions mentioned above. The discretionary powers and regulatory controls of primary investors of an geological formation like the shareholders and creditors of the company have all been discussed in this study. 1. Corporate Governance Definition One particular formal definition cannot be assigned to the term incorporated governance. It is used in legion(predicate) different ways. In general the term corporate governance describes a wide variety of issues which are related to the different ways through which organic lawal activities can be controlled and directed. Broadly speaking it deals with th e code of get of the business activities followed by the companies. Corporate governance also constitutes wider issues which are related to improvements in the performance of shareholders. ... and the company is accountable to each of them (Turner, 2009, p.5). 2. Importance of Corporate Governance The primary objective of any business organisation to develop a well structured corporate governance mechanism is to ensure that it provides maximum returns and benefits to the economy as a whole which includes all its stakeholders. Hence, corporate governance includes the inter-relationships between the shareholders, corporations and creditors. It also includes relationships between fiscal institutions, financial markets and business corporations. The issues related to corporate social responsibility (CSR) is also included under corporate governance which is based on the activities of the organisation in relation to its business environment and culture (Claessens, 2003, p.5). In todays world issues related to corporate governance are at top anteriority for any business organisation. Certain events of business failures, Global Financial Crisis (GFC), corporate frauds and scandals in the recent old have contributed towards the need of significant development in the field of corporate governance in the world. some of the incidents of scandals and frauds in the business environment are contributed towards the lack of corporate governance in the part of managers, directors and otherwise insiders of the companies. Moreover the ultimate sufferers are none other than the stakeholders of the companies itself. In todays era of globalised economy, where close of the companies are operating all around the world, there is an opportunity for reaping up huge profits in business. However, it has also added to the companys worries about the increasing competition in the market and significant fluctuations in capital flows. Moreover investors are now more concerned about

American Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Policing - Essay Examplewas characterized by offense control, efficient organization, professional remoteness from the fellowship, hiring of competent and qualified personnel in curbing police inefficiency, and it dysphoric on preventive rapid and motorized response to crime. Police officers standardized and routinized police work, officers were mandated to enforce fairness and make arrests whenever they could. Further, when specific problems arose, special police units such as tactical or juvenile were established to deal with the issues rather than giving problems to patrol officers (Cole & Smith, 2004).These characteristics squared with those principles suggested by Robert Peel in that, they emphasized on the importance of preventing crime and disorder in society. In addition, during the professional era of policing, the stressed on the motivation of public approval to be efficient and effective which are in agreement with Roberts tenets of policing. In addition, if the police used force in enforcing law and order, the degree of cooperation with the public declines. In addition, the police essential obtain the willing cooperation of the people to rate and obey the law in order to get respect of the public. Further, the police are allowed to apply force only after using all other bureau to get compliance from law breakers. Lastly, the police just like other members of the public too live to the public who are discharging their service to secure the welfare of the society or public (Cole & Smith, 2004).Community point policing was created as a result of increase in crime. The community oriented policing brings government officials, community, professionals and neighborhood together to trace and solve problems within community and partner together to solve these problems. The concept of community policing was created to meet the community by reducing crime and fear in society. The interaction between the police and the community can help re duce fear and crime in society. Community policing

Psychology article summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

psychology article summary - Essay ExampleThis is an classic source of physiological stress for them because of the risk for dehydration. So the two essays here rely on the toads sensitivity for detecting the establishment of fluids around him and the stress it feels when conditions arent sufficient for it- which leads to changes in both his heart rate and in its attempts to avoid these conditions and run away. Researchers in that locationfore used an step of sodium chloride which neither caused the toads to gain lading or loss weight, to create a neutral slip and then test their responses.A pilot experiment showed an increase in the heart rate of toads, which is important to set off their attempts to flee the environment. It used two solutions, one was good for the toads and the other wasnt. This technique was withal good to evaluate the functional significance of conditioning (like in Pavlovs experiment with the dogs) in the context of piss balance.During the experiment, researchers entrust the toads in Plexiglas cages, added water, changed the chemical composition of the water and lastly drained the tank. Toads were either put with another toad in the tank or placed there alone. There were mostly undistinguished differences between the groups, but one significant find was that the toads placed with another toad in a tank curbed to expect the reinforcement better. The toads showed learning abilities, as they anticipated the changes in water composition after it was done to them several times. Their anticipation could be witnessed by their increased heart rate. They managed to avoid losing weight almost as well as the toads never exposed to the different solution in the water.This experiment added another feature- an added compartment in the Plexiglas tank in which there was no altered solution. The toads could escape there to avoid being in contact with the solution. The results showed that all toads showed a consistent weight loss and did learn to avoid being in

Mental Process Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mental Process - Research Paper ExampleThis only happens if historical significance of the foregone events is considered and regarded appropriately. In this way, decision fashioning in organization focuses on forecasts of all possible outcomes and scenarios in think allowing for safer decisions and reduced risks. In intuition, there atomic number 18 varied variations such as expert intuition, strategic and prevalent that varies in the rate and quality of decision-making (Duggan, 2007). Expert is the kind that allows one to make decisions rapidly from recognition, while ordinary is based on feeling, and strategic follows clear thought.Imagination in creative intelligence is quite different from intuition, in that it follows imaginative visualization of possible scenarios, unlike intuition (Innovative Thinker, 2010). In an organization, imagination allows an individual to come on above adversity, such as difficult situations and see beyond. This way, imagination determines the ability to cope for with difficult situations and the take of problem solving skills. As a result, it generates confidence that inspires others allowing for future planning. The one significant shortcoming of this outlook is that it fails to inspire focus on the immediate future. transition as an aspect of creative intelligence focuses on the issues at hand, by observing the evidence and calculating the possible outcomes from it (Innovative Thinker, 2010). Due to its nature in logic, it inspires mindsets that are realistic by having visible data in spite of clouding the expected goals and visions of an organization. However, this style provides corporeal limitations in the decisions made due to its rigidity. This is concerning the facts and evidence presented and other unseen factors that may not be included. Innovation as a style does play a critical role in decision making by creating long-term reliability and continuous success (Lazic and Saskatoon, 2007).The last style is tha t of inspiration which is based on changes in the society

Historical and Current Roles in Higher Education Research Paper

Historical and real Roles in Higher Education - Research Paper ExampleHistorically, education served as a machine through which the universal good was advanced. However, shortly, this ideology has changed over the years and new routines erupted. For instance, the societal benefits of education take for changed to individual benefits. Institutions are equipping the students with the necessary skills that will enable them to fit in the job market. Therefore, the fresh role of education is value addition (Hensley,Galilee-Belfer, & Lee,2013).The perception that education is the only existing gateway to the upper-middle-class has increased the demand for education in the modern society. Therefore, more institutions have come up in order to fill this gap. However, this has affected the quality of education in the country (Lansverk, 2013). This is because institutions are now highly concerned about the phone numbers they admit rather than the quality of the information being dissemi nated to the students.Education is currently perceived as a one time investment expenditure. As a result, parents are free to spend a fortune in order to equip their children with education. This has played a significant role in increasing the overall costs of college education. In an attempt to get a share of the mega profits, tete-a-tete institutions that are run using a business model have mushroomed.It is believed that education leads to the improvement of public health and welfare. As a result, the government has been instrumental in ensuring that more children gain a degree. In order to achieve this ambition more institutions of higher learning have been established. This explains the reason why the number of both the public and private institutions have increased tremendously.It is believed that education increases happiness, improve the living standards of a nursing home and improve the financial management of the individuals. The government feels that it has a role of im proving the living

Appropriate Behavior Expectations Case Study Essay Example for Free

Appropriate Behavior Expectations Case discover EssayAs Christian lieu base dayc be educators for underprivileged electric razorren successions 6 workweeks to age four, it is serious that we under sustain how each childs development translates into our behavioral expectation in the classroom. As a Christian home base daycare amount of money there are many things we are able to offer that a school setting does non allow such as prayer each morning we start the day off with prayer. Because children are so ener rushic after breakfast comes Zumba followed with chillax which constitute of planking one minute on our mats. We thence go over our rules and ifs (what happens if the rules are not followed), making sure that every child fully understand what each expectation means article of belief rules and procedures to students at the beginning of the year and enforcing them consistently across clip increases student academic achievement and projection engagement (Evertson, 1985 1989 Evertson Emmer, 1982 Johnson, Stoner, Green, 1996).We also remind our children as well as the educator of the (ME center) which are used when soulfulness feels the need to be alone, no-one can speak, look or public lecture to that person while they are in the me center. There is also a TALK TO ME center when a child has the need to be around an adult that will just listen this center is set up with a 2 lounge chair one for the child and one for the educator. Last still not least, we have a reward system each child receives a shiny star for good days and at the end of the week they get a small prize if they get stars for the whole month the get to go to the dollar store and pick out any toy they want. We have created ways to require and communicate with the parents as well as the children by being family oriented once a week usually on Fridays everyone comes together (parents, child and educators) bringing a dish from home and have dinner party and game night.We al so take that date out to talk about everyones progress, needs and concerns. Although I would love to provide this for everyone in the community at this time it is finically impossible there for the space is restrict to twelve children. There are things that are not tolerated as wellas bulling or endangerment to some other child, a child that shows this type of aggression is removed from the program and the parent is given suggestions that might commence part provide for that child. Our expectation begins with BehaviorRespect treat others the way you would like to be treated. Communication (Use Your Words) talk out your problems and/or concerns. If you are unable to do this ask a educatorfor help. Consistency- there is a time and place for everything, when we work quietly go into your groups, during play make sure you are in the center with your picture and your timer has been set, use inside voice when inside raise our hand when were in groups Fun having fun is a mustThese are the rules given in the beginning of the school year. However, together educators and students and make up rules together of what is expected with our behavior. (Some examples of our student rules)* Keep your hands to yourself and your feet on the ground.* No talk when others are talking* The person talking must be holding the talking bug* Be quiet during story time* The timer in centers* Always say please and thank you* Our children deal that there are consequences of misbehavior, which are applying consistently and equitable if rules are not followed we do timeout, according to age and each child understand these consequences. However, a child always is given a chance to see to it their side of the story and if they have to be placed in timeout, they must be given an news report of why they are being put into timeout with a suggestion that will help them avoid it the future(a) time. As educators we have agreed to have at least one educator greet child and parent at door wi th a smile, making sure to ask the simple question how u doin? (Wendy Williams show We start our class the same way and they respond the same way.Instead of telling a child Stop, No, or Cut it out. We use the all Eyes on me, pencils down, we get your key out of our pocket to lock the door on out mouth and then place the keyon our desk. Educators are not allowed to use cell phones, must use home base phones, and although children have nap time educators are never allowed to nap. As a group we benefit advice, support, and encouragement. When it comes to academic expectations we find it beneficial in many cases to work in small groups. However, I do not necessarily work in groups according to age when it comes to learning I tend to part the children up according to their learning style.For example * If a child fellow feeling concepts better when seeing things write on the board, or if they watch me intently when I am speaking, good at remembering faces and places or can give detail input about a movie or a boob tube show I will place them in a group I call optic disciple. This child(ren) is more(prenominal) likely to benefit for visual aids such as flash cards, computer storage games, drawing, computer programs, videos and so forth.* If a child is known for talking out loud or ingeminate what is said when processing new concepts, reads out loud to themselves, ask a lot of questions to get understanding or ask a lot of question when doing assignments, or shows more understanding when facts or questions are being asked to them rather than them reading it themselves, will be placed in a group I call Auditory Learners. This group of child may benefit in a more represent and smaller setting, groups within groups, study buddies, much of their work will be taught one on one, or with tape recorders.* If a child become antsy after sitting still for too long, constantly moving, prefers to stand rather than sit, easily lose focus, and fidget when it comes to doi ng school work that group is call Kinesthetic Learner. This group of children takes frequent breaks, is given stress balls when studying written assignments and is given more hands on learning activities. (This is the group that Ron would most likely be until I am able to pinpoint his reason(s) for losing focus.)Also, contend that sometimes children just feel the need to move around at times during the lesson, so we make the space operational. However, a childs personality is another key factor adjustments have to be made such as the organized, self-motivated child who wills more likely approach learning differently than those who is more spontaneous and less methodical. Once a childs learning style(s) has beenrecognized our educators are better equipped to help that child to adapt to the environment which will hopefully help them learn more effectively and succeed within the class.Critically analyze Rons challenging behaviors to determine contributing factors (as presented in Lev el A Case 1) (Ashford 3 Week 2 Assignment) I would first take Ron excursus and explain the rules and what is expected of him, I would than allow him to return to the group as we go other the rules together. Observe, Ron for at least a week to find out if his behavior is due to lack of communication in which case during play we (he and I) would act out different scenarios and find the proper solutions, if it is environmental, we would make every parturiency to produce comfort, trust, and security to his new surroundings, and if it is a need of attention, I would remind him of our Talk To Me center which is available at all times. If it is medical, I would advise the parents that my daycare is not programmed with the necessities needed to accommodate their child but would be willing to do everything possible to find the proper fitting place for them.As time goes by we will continue to work with Ron implementing our way of doing things a little at a time, so that he will not be ove rwhelmed by his new surroundings until he is comfortable and alive(predicate) of all of our expectations.ReferencesKaiser, B. Sklar Rasminsky, J. (2012). Challenging behavior in young children. (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River Pearson Education, Inc. Robert a. Baron and Michael J. Kaisher (2009) Introduction to psychological science (2nd ed.) Upper Saddle River Pearson Education, Inc

Cultural Diversity in the Media Essay Example for Free

Cultural Diversity in the Media EssayThe term doses refer to anything, which is not prep ared by organisms and is generally considered that medicines are not part of food we eat. Although drugs also refer to medical examination ailments (pills, syrups, capsules etc) but here we are discussing recreational drugs which are LSD, Shrooms, Alcohol, Caffeine, Catnip, Salvia, Cocaine, Crack, DXM, Ecstasy, Ephedrine, Heroin, Inhalants, GHB, Tobacco, Cannabis, Methamphetamine, Milk (artificially prepared), Peyote, Nutmeg, Oxycontin, Ketamine, Whiteboard Markers and so on. Drugs have its uses and abuses.But aroundly, its uses are almost negligible when one starts introspection of the conditions of society caused by the abuses of Drugs. Societies are damaging because of evils of the alarming increase in the intake of drugs all over the world, which is followed by the increase in crime and decrease in national income. It has been surveyed that people portray abnormal, illegal and ruth less behaviors after intake of drugs. Alcohols being widely addressable in societies of west provide easy hand in the provision of drugs. In America alone, every(prenominal) third child is said to be tainted by the drugs.All teens see some case of drug use or abuse in instill or in the media. The nineteenth-century explosion of drug use had gotten out of hand. Wiliam Halsted invented nerve-block anesthesia with cocaine (1885) but developed such a craving for the drug that his friends had to put him aboard a schooner for several months so he could kick the habit. He did, but became inclined to morphine from the ships supplies. It was long a closely guarded secret at Johns Hopkins University that one of the institutions founders was a junkie.Halsteds student, jam Leonard Corning, invented spinal anesthesia with cocaine. Every family has a vicious drunkard dad or uncle on the lite mournful mamas swigged patent medicines by the gallon peasants raised on grinderin cough syrup re ceive to coca-filled soft drinks. Increasing display of drugs as element of Being cool, Easy money, also-ran in love, Family problems, Peer Pressures and Complexes, in moving pictures is grasping the attraction of teens and young adults. An estimated 66.5 million Americans 12 years or older reported current use of a tobacco product in 2001. This number represents 29. 5 pct of the population. Youth cigarette use in 2001 was slightly below the invest for 2000, continuing a d professward trend since 1999. Rates of youth cigarette use were 14. 9 percent in 1999, 13. 4 percent in 2000, and 13. 0 percent in 2001. The annual number of current daily smokers senesce 12 to 17 decreased from 1. 1 million in 1997 to 747,000 in 2000. This translates into a reduction from 3,000 to 2,000 in the number of new youth smokers per day. Some of the most important exposures to display drugs as an inspiration for live life, business and culture are given with their detail account of criticism and background. 1. The prominence The rumple was released in 2001 was based on a true story. The story of George Jung, the military man who established the American cocaine market in the 1970s. It was directed by Ted Demme. The screenplay is by Nick Cassavetes and David McKenna. It is story of young man of middle class family struggling for a better head in society, which unfortunately do not turn out be very fruitful for the fate of the family.George then moved to California, where he starts his own business in which he finds both success and imprisonment. In prison, he meets a cellmate who introduces him into a league to the lucrative new market in cocaine. When George Jung released from jail he quickly works instrumental in establishing the exploding US market for cocaine in which he claimed that he handled about 85% of the supply in the 1970s. Although it was a photo that could be presented as a masterpiece for the awareness of the society, the movie missed its attempt.The de ath of the hero was tragic but his appearance in the movie appealed the young generation to a great extent. Blow outlines the lifestyle of a mega-rich smuggler the border crossings, the ruthless negotiations, the sudden betrayals, the wild characters, the run-ins with the justice system, the inherent problems in dealing with massive amounts of cash, the temptations and, ultimately, the tr perioddy of blowing all of your breathing ins for greed. 2. Trainspotting This Academy Award nominated movies was produced in 1996. Denny boyle directed it.This movie was based on a novel Trainspotting by Irvine Welsh. The screenplay was adapted from Welshs novel by John Hodge. This movie begins with the narration by Renton, who is a rent boy, he tell others that they should choose to live traditional family life. after(prenominal) his narration he tells that his train of thoughts ends with who needs reason when youve got heroin? all of his friend were addicted to drugs. The movie rotates all about dirty drugs business and its dealings. The movies most critical part is when Renton leaves drug addiction he feels no purpose of life.He then also deals in selling the heroin. Later Renton realizes that his friends are no his friends at all and leave them for a better life. Its release sparked controversy in some countries, including the united Kingdom, Australia and the United States, as to whether it promoted drug use or not. U. S. Senator, Bob Dole, decried its moral depravity and glorification of drug use during the 1996 U. S. presidential campaign, although he admitted that he had not actually seen the film. 3. The basket ball diaries This movie was produced in 1995 and was directed by Scott Kalvert.It was written by Brian Goluboff. The movie is an autobiographical account of poet and rock musician Jim Carroll. The rail time of movie was 105 minutes. As a member of an outwardly invincible high school basketball squad, Jims life centers around the basketball court and the court becomes an allegory for the world in his mind. It was biggest dream of Jim to become Star of basketball. He was Catholic high school student but later become drug addict due to bad company. Jim and his friends roam the streets of New York City as trivial thieves and revolts. short school expelled the Jim for he took drugs before game. Later Jim faces to a greater extent trouble when his family throws him. This movie is a critical for most of its burst describing, A youth (a mere school boy of age 13) is enjoying the drugs and hence portrayed that it is not very offensive of a young boy or girl to take drugs in that age specially. This movie contained incredibly dark and vulgar guided imagery which could quite possibly lead the easy into moral and value modification, poor coping skills, and dangerous decision-making. 4. headache and Loathing in Las Vegas The movie Fear and Loating in Las Vegas was released on May 22, 1998. It was directed by Terry Gilliam. This film was based on hunting watch S. Thompsons 1971 novel Fear and Loathing In Las Vegas A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream. diarist Raoul Duke and attorney Dr. Gonzo travel from Los Angeles, California to Las Vegas, Nevada in 1971 to cover a motorcycle race for a sports cartridge and enjoy a haphazardly planned vacation.Fueled by the massive amount of drugs they purchased with an advance from a magazine to cover a sporting event in Vegas they set out in the ruby-red Shark. Wreak havoc upon the citizens of Las Vegas. Encountering police, reporters, gamblers, racers, and hitchhikers they search for some indefinable thing know only as the American Dream and find fear, loathing and hilarious adventures into the dementia of the modern American West. The movie is filled with rage and drugs series. It effected the audience to en extent that even an incident got attached to it.During shooting Gilliam was approached by a group of young men, one of which complimented him on the f ilm in general, but said that his favorite scene was the andrenichrome scene. He said that he had used the drug and that Gilliam had captured the effects perfectly. Gilliam didnt have the heart to tell the kid that it was made up, and went along with his story. 5. Dazed and confused Dazed and confused is a 1993 American film written and directed by Richard Linklater. The movie tells the stories of the abide day of school in May 1976 in a Texas suburb.As the movie begins, the last day of school at a high school is beginning. The last day at Robert E. Lee High School proceeds with regular classes but the soon-to-be-senior class (Class of 1977) is more interested in getting ready for the annual hazing of the incoming freshman class, which will take place after school. The hazing is depicted as a ritualized event that has the support of the town, in the movie. Randall Pink Floyd was a football player who moves with simplistic grace among groups of greasers, nerds, stones, and athletes alike.The coaches introduced a new policy for the upcoming 1976-77 school year in which athletes have to sign a written pledge that they will not use alcohol or illegal drugs. Pink refuses to sign the pledge sheet. The coach berates Randall Floyd for hanging out with that other crowd (referring to his stoner friends) and Floyd takes offense to it. The movie conspicuously shows the much more relaxed attitudes toward both teenage alcohol consumption and madcap with open beer containers at the time Kramer can easily buy beer as the lawful Texas drinking age at the time was 18 and even that was lightly enforced. References 1. http//www. thc-ministry. net/history-of-drugs. html 2. http//www. getsomeblow. com/index2. html 3. http//parentingteens. about. com/cs/drugsofabuse/a/druguse10_2. htm 4. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Trainspotting_(film) 5. ChildCare Action Project Christian Analysis of American Culture (CAP) by Thomas A. Carder http//www. capalert. com/capreports/basketballdiari es/basketballdiaries. htm 6. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fear_and_Loathing_in_Las_Vegas_%28film%29 7. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dazed_and_Confused_(film)

Conflict Is an Ever-Present and Ongoing Aspect of Peoples Lives Essay Example for Free

date Is an Ever-Present and Ongoing Aspect of Peoples Lives EssayConflict is an ever-present and ongoing aspect of peoples lives Conflict is a omnipresent part of vitality regardless of duration and place. It has been in our lives ever since the start of our ancestry, where they fight for survival against the wild. Conflict can be as easy as the upcountry employment of choosing what we want to have for lunch, It can also be at a large scale like a global war. With extinct the rigour we and experience we gain from it as an individual, life would be undoubtedly boring and plain. Individuals wouldnt be able to learn right from wrong, neither would they experience diverse situations and learn how to overcome it. Conflict is a fundamental factor of life, it is in books, at work, at school, online and compensate on the cleans. Every day we are faced with at least one type of conflict, or at least witness one. Therefore conflict is unavoidable and always present in our paths a s we grow from a fetus to the day we pass away. Protagonists from our favourite novels encounter different hardships as their journey is spilled out onto the pages for us to read and picture their life.In the famous novel entitled The Rugmaker Of Mazar-E-Sharif written by Najaf Mazari and Robert Hillman, illustrates the life of Najaf and how he encounters vary different types of conflict. The moving heretoforet of the damage of his father to war, forever traumatises Najaf. We as children are stolon introduced to our mothers and fathers, causing them to be the closest people we would have in our lives when we are first sent to kindergarten we cry and cry due to the missing warmth and loving grasp of our mothers and fathers.Now this is every for a day, imagine not seeing one of the people you love most for the rest of your life. That is the distress and horror Najaf goes through as he loses his father. That doesnt stop Najaf from staying on his feet to look afterwards his famil y. until he faces the national battle to decide if he should flee to Australia or stay back. Demonstrating that we face hardship one after another. Creating an endless cycle. All the pre-mentioned events was caused by one of the worlds greatest battle of different beliefs, war. The ongoing war has caused all the devastation for Najaf, forcing him to flee his homeland.This enhances the factor of conflict being omnipresent and the ongoing fundamental part of every individuals life. Devastating events can occur at any time of our lives. An example of this is the Victorian bushfires. Where you could be out with your family enjoying the hot weather, and all of a sudden a lusus naturae blaze of fire is picked up by the wind and surrounds you in matters of seconds. You are trapped and while blinded by the smoke you hear your family let loose and whelping under the loud crackling of bark and the defining blaze. Soon you too are consumed by the giant blaze of fire.It was unavoidable, you were unaware of the event. Creating grief and pain within others. Proving that one hardship leads to another. Making conflict a endless cycle within our lives. The families who have lost members to the terrifying Victorian bushfires has suffered an unbearable and unimaginable loss. The loss of a love one, Like Najaf and many other individuals in our society. The one event will poke out to haunt the grieving individuals and families. They will remember the ones they lost, they will keep replaying the memories with them and cherish what they have left behind.This is what conflict sometimes does to us. And it will embrace to prance around our lives just like the famous line Justin Timberlake uses in one of his famous songs. what comes around, goes around which brings me to the next point. In continuum, Internal conflict is one of the main aspects of hardship we face as humans. Our different believes smothered with the other beliefs from the people we sometimes call bullies. From a u ntested age we can be exposed to bullying. May it be outside on the oval, the playground or even indoors. it is still something we face. t can range from name calling to physically hurting someone.As humans we like to have power but some of them take it to a whole new level. where they will insult and hurt the people smaller or weaker just for their satisfaction of power. This then causes cast down thoughts within individuals, or even the attempt of suicide. Depressing thoughts are caused by bullying or an scourge event which ultimately lead to the judgement of one self. When someone thinks I am not honorable enough or everyone hates me yes it was probably caused by bullying but it had continued to haunt them to create inwrought conflict.This is an extreme extent of internal conflict. Another pre-mentioned example of internal conflict is as simple as choosing what we want for lunch. Yes it may sound stupid but we do have a mini wittiness war about what we want for lunch. ultima tely showing that hardships are forever in our lives and will continue to stay in our lives. As individuals we face conflict where ever we go. It is in books, at work, at school, online and even on the news. Ultimately meaning it is a omnipresent and a fundamental part of any individuals life.In other words, conflict is an ever-present and ongoing aspect of peoples lives Najaf experiences the same horrifying pain of losing a loved one as the families from the Victorian bush fires. At the same time they all face internal conflict just like a individual that has experienced bullying, or a teenager intellection of what to buy for lunch from the school canteen but to a greater level. Conflict is unavoidable. It is forever in our lives and will continue to shape us as individuals until we pass away.

Mbuti Culture Essay Example for Free

Mbuti Culture EssayThe Mbuti or Bambuti atomic number 18 one of several indigenous pygmy groups in the Congo region of Africa. Their language belongs to the exchange Sudanic subgroup of the Nilo-Saharan phylum.1 After researching the Mbuti culture, I think we will see that their govern handst, traditions, and culture is slowly and sadly melting into the surrounding, ever-changing world.Mbutis primary mode of subsistence is Foraging. They hunt and gather food from the forest, and they trade as well for survival. The Foragers, or hunter-gatherers, in modern-day Zaire bedevil survived with a subsistence carriagestyle in small-scale societies. Political organization-Bambuti societies grow no ruling group or lineage, no overlying political organization, and little social structure. The Bambuti are an egalitarian society in which the band is the highest form of social organization. Leadership may be displayed for precedent on hunting treks. Men and women basically have equal powe r. Issues are discussed and decisions are do by consensus at fire camps men and women engage in the conversations equivalently. If there is a disagreement, infraction, or offense, then the offender may be banished, beaten or scorned. No chief or formal council has imposed rules. chemical attraction of the Bambuti tend to follow a patrilineal descent system, and their residences after marriage are patrilocal. However, the system is quite an loose. The only type of group seen amongst the Bambuti is the nuclear family. Kinship also provides allies for each group of people. mavin of the Mbutis social problems is interclan disputes, over children and women. Women migrate to villages, losing close to one out of five of their female population. An singular number of women lead to the inevitable transfer of women from one family, to another. This leads to coarse conflict between the men, over the appetite of their female siblings.Divorce is common. The women often initiate divorce simp ly by packing their things (including small children) and abject back to their familys camp. If they have boys, they return to their father when they are old enough to hunt. The typical marriage is monandrous because women are scarce.Beliefs and Values Prior to independence, tropical forest foragers remained away the mainstream of society and politics. However, post independence wars and nation-building drives have changed customary ways. Landscapes are eroding due to the cutting of timber, the building of roads and mining. Commerce has also elevate isolated the Mbuti peoples. They are in a state of social flux affecting their beliefs, values, and traditional culture.Everything in the Bambuti life is centered on the forest. They consider the forest to be their great protector and provider and remember that it is a sacred place. They sometimes call the forest mother or father. An important ritual that impacts the Bambutis life is referred to as molimo.After events such as death of an important person in the tribe, molimo is noisily keep to wake the forest, in the belief that if bad things are happening to its children, it must be asleep. As for umteen Bambuti rituals, the time it takes to complete a molimo is not rigidly set instead, it is determined by the mood of the group. intellectual nourishment is collected from each hut to feed the molimo, and in the evening the ritual is accompanied by the men dancing and singing around the fire. Women and children must remain in their huts with the doors closed. These practices were studied thoroughly by British anthropologist Colin Turnbull, known primarily for his work with the tribe.Molimo is also the name of a trumpet the men play during the ritual. Traditionally, it was made of wood or sometimes bamboo, but Turnbull also reported the use of metal drainpipes. The sound produced by a molimo is considered more important than the material it is made out of. When not in use, the trumpet is stored in the trees o f the forest. During a celebration, the trumpet is retrieved by the youth of the village and carried back to the fire.The Mbuti people are in great cultural transition, being influenced more and more by the surrounding dominate encroaching culture. As the outside word encroaches on these indigenous people, their beliefs, traditions and practices, they are slowly losing their original uniqueness in an ever shrinkage world that seems to be losing boundaries. As of recent, they are even given to the accumulation of outside currencies for use in their day to day lives.

Behaviorist description of depression Essay Example for Free

Behaviorist description of slump EssayThe behavioral perspective of low gear links the disorder to a shortage of positive reinforcements in ones life. This lack of reinforcement results in the decline of reconstructive behavior, which in turn results in depression. Behaviorists posit that a person suffering from depression tail end develop a plan of action to replenish the deficit of positive reinforcement through the cooperation of family, friends and the therapist. In other words, according to behaviorists, the patients inability to cope with life seek leads to social withdrawal, which reduces the rate of positive reinforcements, which and then results in depression.The belief that a person suffering from depression can behave him- or herself out of it is both appealing and troublesome. The benefits of constructive activity notwithstanding, dependence on others for positive reinforcement could result in depression that waxes and wanes in direct proportion to the presenc e or absence of external stimuli. The danger inherent is this view is of placing too strong a focus on those external reinforcements.A patient who places conditions of worth on his or her actions whitethorn be convinced that others leave behind never be in a state of approval of those actions. Such a patient may benefit more greatly from a cognitive therapy that addresses his or her maladaptive thinking patterns and self-deprecating robotic thoughts. It is the therapists responsibility to assess the most effective treatment based on the patients individual profile. The specific curative approach essential be tailored to the patents needs and capabilities. If the patient requires guidance to change maladaptive thinking, then a plan to simply change behavior is doomed to fail.The behaviorist perspective can to a fault be interpreted as placing responsibility for depression squarely on the shoulders of the patient. Encouragement (of the patient to add charge of his or her own reco very by changing the nature of his or her personal relationships) can be effective with a strong-willed person who is committed to recovery. By helping to develop a plan of action and monitoring its success and opportunities for improvement, the behavioral therapist maintains at once a genuine presence at a respectful distance.The patients relationships are also important factors in depression that must be addressed to treat depression ergo behavioral therapy must tackle negativity in that facet of the patients life. The therapist must assess the overall relationship dynamic and any negative patterns of communion between the patient and his or her most significant others.Ideally, a behavioral therapist has evaluated the patient and hypothesized that he or she will benefit from changing behavioral patterns. The therapist patient will then fetch closely with the patient to assess the nature of his or her innate behavioral patterns to determine which are constructive and which detra ct from his or her impression of positive reinforcement. Classical conditioning is not suited for this task still modeling and shaping may be effective. Operant conditioning, by definition, is the order of the day. The patient will let continuous positive reinforcement for behaviors that combat his or her depression, while those that feed the depression will perform extinct.

Identifying Biased Media Essay Example for Free

Identifying virguleed Media EssayMany now believe that media is bended only when the context of what bias is may vary depending on the preferences of the readers. Bias affects countersign insurance coverage in a variety of ways. It may be reflected on the preferences of the editor/owner of the publication or broadcast institution, maximizing profits, and/or governance or entertainment (Baron 1). Media institutions acquire income from advertisements and this practice affects how the media chooses what kind of news it should report. Media sensationalism is also an end resoluteness as people ar attracted to read news that are sensationalized, this in turn increases readership and consequently, increase in profit from advertisements. The issue whether media can still produce and present objective news is still theatre of operations to debate. It may be true that any(prenominal) institutions can present objective and unbiased news, but umpteen forms of media are now incli ned to side with a group because of preferences or to maximize profit. In politics, horse-race journalism, which focuses on various election data instead of emphasizing the candidates plan of action, is being given in addition much attention. This results in news items that are all about the election proceedings. During these times, media institutions all report election-related news and forget about other similarly or much important issues that need to be reported. The findings of some researchers suggest that the media (1) are neither objective nor honest, (2) employ framing devices, (3) deliberately manipulate news, (4) are controlled and influenced by government and business interest, (5) may choose unreliable sources, (6) accept the faulty premise that the government has respectable intentions, (7) through the use of the word we implies acknowledgment of government policies, (8) do not use historical context, (9) lose it to follow up on the stories and (10) does not encour age the maintenance of a critical perspective for the readers (Nelson). Bias results in skepticism on the side of the readers which results in a reduction in the demand for news. However, biases are being tolerated when it means that a journalist can be hired for a lower pay (Baron 23). Journalists may have incentives to write biased news stories, but it can be cushioned by an attitude of professionalism and a media institution that does not tolerate bias. On the other hand, investigative journalism has been cognize as the most controversial form of journalism and over time, it has changed and adapted to the current setting (Hawks) but this kind of reporting involves a lot of risk and violation of human rights. Sometimes, investigative journalists go beyond the borders and invade the privacy of others just to get the report that they need. Exposure is the theme of the current investigative reporting process as it creates excitement and uproar and draws a lot of attention from the public. It is also believed that scandals draw more attention from the public which would result in more generated profit for the media institution. Journalists follow their targets as if they are kindness hunters armed with their cameras to catch any footage of misdeed. Some journalists also resort to wiretapping of phone lines and other means to realise access to personal and classified documents. This methodology of investigation, although has good intentions, is unethical in a sense that it invades the reclusive life of people. In some instances, due to this practice, journalists receive threats when they are investigating anomalous people or dealings. The media is being invaded by personal preferences and is gravely affected by commercialization. Perhaps the media is only considering its survival because without income, the media cannot operate. whole caboodle CitedBaron, David. Persistent Media Bias. August 2004 www.wallis.rochester.edu Media BiasBaybars-Hawks, Banu, The Im pact of Investigative Journalism on Public Opinion and Policymaking. www.hichumanities.org/AHproceedings/Banu%20Baybars-Hawks1.pdfNelson, Richard Alan. trailing Propaganda to the Source Tools for Analyzing Media Bias. 2003. http//lass.calumet.purdue.edu/cca/gmj/fa03/gmj-fa03-nelson.htm

Sense and Essay Essay Example for Free

Sense and try on Essay assume down at least three descriptions that connect to at least three of the by-line senses a. visualb. tastec. hearingd. touch e. smell 3. Write down the roots of import focalize. Actually copy his main point from the essay so I can see that you see his thesis. 4. What are five linguistic communication (diction) that you find interesting that the author uses to describe anything in the essay? Explain each word in a disapprobation that tells me wherefore you think the word is interesting. 5. Why does the author compare the farm to a boat? Why do you corresponding this or not. Explain in 2 sentences. . Explain why you would or would not like to be a part of the scene the author describes. Provide champion commendation/description that you like and explain why you like it. OR provide one quote/description you dislike, explain why you dislike it, and then rewrite it so that it is better in your opinion. 7. then(prenominal) write a descriptive es say that models Summer deform using ONE of the following devil prompts. The essay should be at least ONE page long.Writing Prompt One cerebrate of a force of nature that you guard experienced. Write your own essay that completely describes the scene and how it touch on you. Possible suggestions are these a. An ice stormb. A floodc. A tornadod. A hurricane e. A riptide in the oceanf. A thunderstormg. A s straight offstormh. A heat wave Writing Prompt Two The author of Summer Wind describes a quiet day in the life of his farm that he both(prenominal) enjoys and savors. Think around your own experiences and a quiet day that gave you pleasure.When finished with the essay, complete the following procedure with your essay 1. lap the images/descriptions that appeal to EACH of the five senses and label each sense visual, hearing, taste, touch, or smell. 2. Underline the main point you are trying to energize in your essay that is, underline the one sentence or two that tells me what you want to say or mean in your essay, the thesis. Name_______________________________Date________________Period____ 0th Grade Literature and Composition (Periods 1, 3, 4, 6 7) Write the following subsidisation on loose leaf paper and then staple it to this sheet. This assignment needs to be completed by the end of the period. Carefully read the essay titled bow out into the iWorld and answer the questions below 1. Where does the author use a story or personal narrative? Where does the author get personal about his life? Copy down the first three words of the sentence of where he begins to do so and copy down the last three words of where the story ends. 2. Copy down the main point of the essay,Technology promises to make our lives easier, freeing up time for leisure pursuits. scarcely the rapid pace of technological innovation and the split-second processing capabilities of computers that can work virtually nonstop have made all of us feel rushed. We have adopted the relentless pace of the very machines that were hypothetical to simplify our lives, with the result that, whether at work or play, people do not feel like their lives have changed for the better. Adapted from Karen Finucan, Life in the Fast Lane Assignment Do technological changes that make our lives easier not necessarily make them better?Two pages. Prompt Two Many rare inventions or technical devices have drawbacks, major and minor. Think about an electronic device or innovation that is now available. Choose one and analyze its positive and negative effects. Once you have thought about both the positive and negative effects, choose a side for the following question Technology harmful or helpful? You decide Now write your essay, two pages. Some suggested technological products are camera phones, iPods, iPhones, call in rooms, blogs, digital cameras, DVDs, cell phone ring tones, etc

Law and Morality Essay Example for Free

Law and morality Essaythither has been an ongoing repugn about the relationship between uprightness and pietism. Numerous writers and philosophers take proffered arguments on how rectitude is affected by righteousness. The question it is believed is no longer if piety affects law, it is to what extent is law affected by faith? And should at that place be any limitations on the relationship between law and morals? The law and morality conflict has been persisting for worldly concerny a(prenominal) years. Both the vivid law theorists and the positive law theorists would withstand that in that location is a relationship between law and morality. The argument has now moved to what degree morality should play in law?The obvious indication that this has been laid to comfort is HLA stags grant made at the onset of his book, Law, Liberty and Morality. He said that thither is a definitive effect of yes, that historically and casually law has been influenced by moralit y. In his book Hart focused on the sub judice en eventment of morality and desirewise this essay is concerned with that question. It is believed this is the entirely debatable divide between law and morality. The debate became a hot topic in the 1950s after the creation of a commission to enquire and cogitation back on intimate moralities.The commission conduct to the publication of the Wolfenden Report in 1957. The report at it outset defined the purpose of distressing law as .. to preserve the public rank and decency, to protect the citizen from what is offensive and injurious and to provide sufficient safeguards against exploitation and corruption of others especially the vulnerable, that is the young, weak in body or mind, inexperienced or those in a state of physical, official or scotch dependence. The Law should not intervene in the private lives of citizens or seek to enforce any token pattern of behaviour further than necessary to carry out the above purpose.Before embarking on the watchword proper, a definition is required for morality and for what law is. Morality according to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary is (a) a belief or system of moral conduct (b) particular moral principles or rules of conduct or (c) amity to ideals of right hu gay conduct. Law on the other hand is defined as a stuffing custom or practice of a community a rule of conduct or litigate prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by positive authority. That is morality is not enforceable by its definition while law is.Moralities atomic number 18 normative rules employ to a hunting lodge or a sub-group of ordering that does not bind them in a courtroom of law. The provided enforceability of morality by its definition is from the group applying peer pressure. There be two important schools of thought in this divide between law and morality, the natural law theorists and the positive law theorists. The natural law school bases much of their ideas of law in their religious beliefs or other transcendental force such(prenominal) as nature. While positivists argue that law has no necessary basis in morality and that it is simply impossible to assess law in terms of morality.Opposition Supporters of the legal positivist school, such as Hart and Mills, purports that law should be in a different sphere from morality. Utilitarianism, a subgroup of the positivism, believes that laws should totally serve for the maximization of utility or happiness for the majority. John Stuart Mills said that instead of inn imposing morality on members of a society, the singles should be free to choose their own conduct. Utilitarians are not concerned with the morality of law. They believe that law should only play a nominal role in an individuals life.Persons should be free to do whatever they want as long as it does not harm another. This is referred to as the harm principle. Mills said the only purpose for which power can rightfully be exercised over any member of a civilise community against his forget is to prevent harm to others. Mills went on and said that not even for the individuals own good should such power be exerted. This argument is re moreovertable in that not because there was no immediate physical harm to another, there was no harm.It could be argued that someone taking drugs or proliferating pornography causes ripple effects that whitethorn result in harm to others. Pornography promotes women as sexual objects and thereby promotes sexual violence against women. Drug users, by their combined effect, have led to the growth of enceinte underworlds that not only supply drugs but commits direct victim crimes such as murder. If Mills possibility is to be adhered to, this would mean that even in a situation of explicit sadomasochist sexual practices that could result in the injury to participants, the law should not get involved to prevent harm.This is because the individuals consented to such acts and no one will be harmed except the willing participants. In this light R v Brown would have been trenchant incorrectly. Hart said that the judges in Shaw v DPP, where the defendant was convicted for conspiracy to corrupt public morals after publishing a booklet containing details of prostitutes and their sexual practices, seemed willing to pay a superior price in terms of the sacrifice of other values for the establishment or re-establishment-of the court as custos morum. The value Hart was referring to is the legality principle of Lon Fuller.He was suggesting the ruling made the law imprecise and thereby itself immoral. Fuller suggests that for law to be moral there must be eight elements referred to as the internal morality of law or principles of legality or procedural natural law. The eight elements are generality, promulgation, non-retroactivity, clarity, non-contradiction, capability of compliance, constancy and congruence. These elements Fuller suggests are what a good le gal system should aspire for but no one system has or is expected to perfect all elements.However, significant lack of these elements may mean that a system is an immoral legal system and could support absolutism. Fuller said that tyranny is a result of the break down of the internal morality of law and was the circumstance in Nazi Germany. Hart made that very connection between the principles of legality and tyranny when he suggested that there was no adherence to the principles of legality in Shaw v DPP and by extent was in itself immoral law. The central caper with morality is whose morality is the right morality to enforce.Nazi Germany is the best example of law enforcing morality. This is why caution must be used with the continued growth of the court making moral judgements and pronouncing itself as the custos morum. Hart said that there are several(prenominal) flaws with the use of law to enforce morality and if no such enforcement exists it would not necessarily star topology to the disintegration of society. He said that society can support several different and sphere of morality. What is considered moral in one surface area is not necessarily the same in another.On a smaller scale, what is considered moral in one religion within a coun accent may not hold true for another, yet they can exist in relative consonance through mutual respect. He too said that by using law to enforce morality will result in the stagnating of morals in time. It is evident that morality tilts with time and what was immoral years ago would not be immoral today. Sometimes the live laws do not match changes in societal. In the representative R v R, where a husband was charged with attempted rape of his wife, the existing law at the time was outdated in respect of the current moral standards of society.If the courts had followed the law as was, they would directly contradict the will of society and the husband would not have through anything illegal. In that case t he court made a value judgement, one based in morality to adapt to the change in the morality of society and found that a husband could in fact rape his wife. This case demonstrates the role morality plays in law. If courts did not have any moral basis, then this may lead to disconnect between the law and society. In R v R the courts had a choice any observe an immoral precedent or to adapt itself to the changing morality of the society.Although the judges may try to propound that they only declared what the law was, this judgement is one on moral basis. Should the judges have followed the law at the time that a man cannot rape his wife? Wouldnt that have led to an infringement on the womans individual right? Are judges the right quite a little to expound morality? Supporters The idea that morality has no place in law has been refuted by many theorists such as Hyman Gross and Lord Devlin. Gross contended that Law and morality are one and the same.Laws are inherently moral and that is why acts like murder, rape and theft have been made illegal. Law and morality cannot be separated as the society creates law based on the foundation that the behaviour world address has to be immoral or undesirable by the reasonable man. The problem with this view is that this cannot develop acts that are prohibited by law but not immoral or the reverse. Sex extraneous of marriage brings a very strong social scourge but no one believes that adultery rise to the level for legal reprimand.Devlin argued that there is an underlying moral web that keeps society together and it should be protected by law. His approach has some aspect of social slim theory, which suggests that everyone in society is there by agreement. He said that to exist in a society there must be some general principles that members have a consensus on. It could be said to be analogous to a family. In a family there may be several different personalities, but what keep them functioning like a unit is that ther e are underlying similar values that act as a cohesive bond between members.Devlin said in The Enforcement of Morals (1959) that Societies disintegrate from within more oft than they are broken up by external pressures. There is disintegration when no common morality is observed and history shows that the loosening of moral bonds is often the first stage of disintegration, so that society is confirm in taking the same steps to preserve its moral code as it does to preserve its politics the suppression of vice is as much the laws business as the suppression of subversive activities. Former curate of Justice of Jamaica, Senator Harding, in his speech at the inaugural lecture at the Institute of Law and economic science said it would have been helpful if Lord Devlin had provided examples of some modern societies which have disintegrated because of the loosening of moral bonds. And it big businessman be a better thing for some societies to disintegrate by loosening its moral bonds . Nazi Germany comes to mind those societies disintegrate from within more frequently than there are broken up by external pressures Devlin said that it is morals that hold society together and should therefore influence the development of law.He goes further and said that even if private acts are considered to create sufficient public disgust, that is if the reasonable man finds this act so unacceptable then it threatens the moral fabric of society and should be subject to criminal punishment. He describes a limit of tolerance as to how much of an immoral act society or the reasonable man can tolerate. Once society passes this limit then something must be done to intervene. Lord Devlin did not suggest that it is all immorality that should be sanctioned.He suggested that the ones that bring right-minded man to disgust should be. It is not believed that Devlin was out of touch with the state of developing individual liberty. It is how far those individual liberties will be allowed to infringe on the general public morality and liberty? There needs to be a rest between the individuals right and the general publics. Lord Devlin asked if society has the right to make judgment on individual morality. He answered yes, and this seems to be the accepted approach in R v Brown and Shaw v DPP.There is no where in the past were law has essential in an abstract. Law has developed along with the social changes as R v R Devlin excessively proposed a guideline for the implementation of statutes. He supported individualism and suggested that persons should have the maximum amount of freedom to do as they wish, except when it conflicts with the societys integrity. He also said that law should only be created to sanction behaviours that are gross, not just merely immoral. And finally, the law should only set the minimal basic standards expected of individuals.Conclusion Morality is important to the integration of society and if the mythical social contract theory has any we ight it is in fact as Devlin suggest the web that holds it together. However, it can also be dangerous and may also be the underlying reason for actual disintegration of society as in Nazi Germany. There is no correct answer or side. The answer rest in the balance the balance between the individual right and that of society, the balance between the positivist and the naturalist, the balance between the heterosexual and the homosexual.The individual should have the right to do as he feels but there has to be limitations. The extremes of either side of the debate are the danger zones but the answer lies in the indefinable, unascertainable shadows of the gray that rest between the divide. Bibliography 1. MDA Freeman, Introduction to Jurisprudence 8th interpretation (Sweet Maxwell) 2. Httpsixthformlaw. info/01_modules/other_materials/law_and_morality_/08_hart_devlin. htm 3. HLA Harts, Law, Liberty and Morality (University of Stanford Press) 4. Dwight Bellanfante, Keep the law out of G ays Bedroom (The Jamaica Observer October 31, 2004).5. Elliott Frances Quinn, position levelheaded frame eleventh Edition (Longman-Pearson, UK), 6. Criminal Law, Clarkson and Keating, (Sweet Maxwell), 2007 7. Gary Slapper And David Kelly, The English Legal System 11th Edition (Routledge, UK) Page 1 . Law, Liberty and Morality, H. L. A Hart, Stanford University Press, 1963. Page 1 2 . Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 657 3 . http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/morality, accessed 20th October 2010. 4 . http//www. merriam-webster.com/dictionary/law, accessed 20th October 2010. 5 . Gary Slapper And David Kelly, The English Legal System 11th Ed (Routledge, UK) Page 6 . Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Pg 655-656 7 . Law, Liberty and Morality, HLA Hart Stanford university Press, 1963, page 3 8 . Ibid 9 . Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 656 10 . 1993 2 All ER 75 11 . 1961 2 W. L. R 897 12 . Law, Liberty and Morality, HLA Hart Stanford university Press, 1963, page 7 13 .1961 2 W. L. R 897 14 . Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Pg 658 15 . Ibid 16 . 1992 1 A. C. 599 17 . 1994 1A. C. 212 18 . Criminal Law, Clarkson and Keating, sweet Maxwell, 2007 19 . Keep law out of gays bedrooms says Harding, Dwight Bellanfante, Observer stave reporter Sunday, October 31, 2004 20 . 1994 1A. C. 212 21 . 1961 2 W. L. R. 897 22 . 1992 1 A. C. 599 23 . Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Edition (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 658.

Of mice and men - A comparison of the opening scenes of the film and the beginning of the book Essay Example for Free

Of mice and men A comparison of the disruption snapshots of the film and the beginning of the apply EssayA comparison of the source pics of the film and the beginning of the bookOf mice and men is point in southern California at the time of the great depression ( fresh 1920 and archaeozoic 30s), the basis of the story is roughly 2 men George and Lenny, who ar two workers who travel from dictate to place finding work on ranches, so they can earn there 50 bucks a month. George is the attracter out of the two he looks after Lenny, sorts out where they go and what they do and eat. Lenny is a very cosmic and strong man, alone he is very dumb and could non look after himself, he his at heart a nice, harmless man but likes colourful, nice feeling things, so he is erect like a depleted infant. Lenny gets them into trouble a crew, he likes to touch nice things and when he does pot get the wrong idea and like at the start of the book and film gets accused of rape, and at the end causes a death of a woman.Like most writers or directors, John Steinbeck and Gary Sinise try to bewitch the readers or viewers attention. Even though the novel and film are based on the similar story, they use different techniques and government agencys to try and get the audiences attention.In the novel John Steinbeck uses a lot of verbal description of his settings and this is how he tries to keep the audiences imagination going. For example in the first two pages of the novel, he uses a strong descriptive and a strong style of language to try and give an erect of a natural, calm and peaceful atmosphere, also when describing the willow pool he tries and puts as much detail in as possible, as this area of land is one of the most important places in the story as this is where Steinbeck starts the story and ends it in a similar place. Its quite amazing how Steinbeck manages to turn a violent and clayey scene into a calm, relaxing place and an almost peaceful time.I th ink that the first set of settings is set in a spring/summer theme as they are talking about there dream which is seen as the American dream of this time, so this also relates to life in the late boom and depression of the 1920s.The beginning is used to try and introduce the two main characters portraying Lenny as the leader and it seems that he is like a father to Lenny who is portrayed as a small child who cannot control what he is doing.George also knows he has to take the role as the father or onetime(a) brother and has to keep rules and tells him what to do, e.g. when they are drinking from the lake Lenny keeps his head in the peeing and is just guzzling the water downwards, then George saysFor god sake dont drink so much, and also he checks if the water is safe by making sure that its is running although George is of little intelligence him self he knows how to stay a confront and live well.Gary Sinise tries to grab the audiences attention quite differently at the beginning of the film as he uses a dramatic sequence of George and Lenny sitting in the luggage holder of a train, and you see him thinking punt to what happened at Weed.When this is happening the light fades over Georges face from the cracks in the compartments wooden walls, this effect of the light drift across his face gives an imaginary sense of prison bars.During Georges flashbacks you see them running fast and out of inkling down a field full of long grass, and it keeps flashing back on Georges face in the train prominent you a sense of distress instead of the calming effect of the novel. It then flashes to a pretty woman in a red dress that has a rip going down the bottom of it, the air flows through her dress and hair as she is running down a field. This scene really is exciting and full of tension to the viewer, which contrasts totally to the calm and peaceful opening of the book.Next you she a bunch of workers in a field, and they hear the girls screams. The workers on horse fo llow carrying shotguns. This contrasts to the life of today against closely a century ago, as nowadays Lenny would have been arrested and put to a fair trial but back then they would have just killed Lenny on the spot. This scene puts people on the edges of their seats giving a sense of suspense this is how a good director is able to keep the audiences attention to the film. The scene of the willow pool is quite like the scene in the book it gives a more relaxed effect from the previous suspense scenes, as they hide neck deep under the overflowing bush weed, and as luck would have it the workers lose them.When we see George and Lenny getting there work cards it proves the fact that this is in the 1930s as there were a lot of job shortages and you had to go to a job office and see if whatsoever jobs were available, most people would take any job there was, because of the depression. This then gives us a sensitive historical background of the time they are in.George in the book is firstly described as small and quick, dark of face with restless eye and sharp, strong features. George being described as having restless eyes gives an impression that he is quite alert and a quick thinker of what to do in trouble times. Lenny on the other hand is described quite differently Huge man, shapeless face with large, grisly eyes, with wide sloping shoulders and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. the way a bear drags his paws Lenny is being described as an animal which shows that he is a slow and clumsy both(prenominal) physical and mentally.The characters in the film are unlike the ones in the book as they are not physically opposite. Lenny is only slightly taller than George, but the behaviours of these two characters do mirror that it is similar to the book as Lenny acts like a child and George is the smart, dominant one. This is often shown in the close ups of their faces and in their speech and movement.The robes they w ear are described in the book as workers clothes so rugged and tattered, so the movie is also based on this part as the clothes in the movie are like this.In my opinion I think casting John Malkovich was perfect to be Lenny as he was able to portray the child like brain of Lenny. He seemed to fit the right description of Lenny. The voice used by John Malkovich was very effective in giving the viewer a childlike impression of Lenny.Gary Sinise although he was director he himself played George and he obviously knew how he valued George to be played and he did with an amazing attitude, he gave out the attitude and cunningness of George as is written in the book.In conclusion, the beginning of the book and the beginning of the film are based on the same storyline. The way the scenes are described and presented are really quite different. Gary Sinise is able to create a sense of movement and suspense followed by the calm of the willow pool, whilst Steinbeck creates a very rich and calm descriptive opening scene, which contrasts with the violence of what is actually happening.

Growth Rate Flattens Essay Example for Free

Growth Rate Flattens EssayThe reality of software development in a huge company like Microsoft it employs more than 48,000 people in that a substantial raft of your work involves days of boredom punctuated by bits of tedium. You basically spend your time in an isolated office, writing code and sitting in meetings during which you participated in looking for and evaluating hundreds of bugs and potential bugs. Yet Microsoft has no problem in finding and retaining software programmers. Their programmers work horrendously long hours and obsess on the goal of shipping product. From the day in the altogether employees begin work at Microsoft they know theyre special and that their employer is special. New hires all become bingle thing in common- theyre smart. The company prides itself on putting all recruits through a voiceless interview loop, during which they confront a barrage of brain-teasers by future colleagues to see how well they think. Only the vanquish and the brig htest survive to become employees.The company does this because Microsofties truly conceptualize that their company is special. For instance, it has a high tolerance for nonconformity. Would you believe that one software tester comes to work every day dressed in extravagant niminy-piminy outfits? But the underlying theme that unites Microsofties is the belief that the firm has a manifest destiny to change the world. The least consequential decision by a programmer laughing line of descent have an outsized importance when it can affect a new release that might be used by 50 meg people. Microsoft employees are famous for putting in long hours. angiotensin-converting enzyme program manager said, In my starting signal five years, I was the Microsoft stereotype. I lived on caffeine and vending machine hamburger and 20 hour workdays. . I had no life. I considered everything outside the building as a necessary evil.More recently, things have changed. There are still a number of peopl e, who put in 80 hours weeks, but 60 and 70 hours weeks are more typical and some even are doing their jobs in only 40 hours. No discussion of employee life at Microsoft would be complete without mentioning the companys lucrative stock option program. Microsoft created more millionaire employees, faster, than any company in American history- more than 10,000 by the late 1990s. piece the company is certainly more than a place to get rich, executives still realize that money matters. One former manager claims that the human resources department actually kept a running chart of employee gratification versus the companys stocks prices.When the stock was up, human resources could turn off the ventilation and everybody would say they were happy. When the stock was down, we could progress to people massages and they would tell us that the massages were too hard. In the go-go 1990s, when Microsoft stock was doubling every few months and annually stock splits were predictable, employees n ot only got to participate in Microsofts manifest destiny, they could get rich in the process. By the spring of 2002, with the world in a recession, stock prices down and the growth for Microsoft products slowing, it wasnt so clear what was driving its employees to continue the companys dominance of software industry.

The Introduction To The Kashmir Conflict History Essay

The Introduction To The Kashmir Conflict story EssayDemarcating boundaries to create nations has been an onerous exercise that has unceasingly been replete with controversies. Conflicts acquit been prevailing over it across the globe. This conflict has extended to fightds sea bodies as countries compete to condition oil wells and some other(prenominal) resources. The conflicts cin one caserning north-central Korea and S unwraph Korea, the US and Mexico and Japan and mainland china are some of the examples that put up drawn international attention. The youngsprint testament however focus on emerges related to the stalemate over Kashmir amidst India and Pakistan.Before 1947 India and Pakistan were a partly of a Union that was chthonian the project of the British Raj. spell leaving, the colonial powers separated the parting on the basis of theology giving rise to some(prenominal) nations India and Pakistan. The transition was mired with incidents that were fraught with bloodbath and consequently the cardinal nations developed an animosity to contendds each other. Another reason for conflict was over territorial reserve command over Kashmir an Indian secern that lay on the processs of India and Pakistan. In a gaming to control the region the deuce countries have been involved in numerous wars the war in 1948 and 1965 and the Kargil war of 1999. India opines that Pakistan on with its agencies equal the Inter-Services Intelligence or the ISI finances act of terrorism in the region to create instability eon Pakistan trains that they rightfully own Kashmir. The region in whatsoever case has a ternion group known as separationists who deficiency a separate identity without being a part of either India or Pakistan.The sight of Kashmir have been traumatized by the level of insurgency in the region along with the atrocities committed by the Indian soldiery under the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA). At one time people had an inclination towards a finicky nation however the atrocities perpetrated by these nations have held public opinion against these countries. Some have accepted the fact that they are helpless date the reactive ones re bod to activities care mass protest and large carapace stone slinging in order to claim their basic rights.The lit successionture serves to cater a footing to the conflict that includes the three major wars fought among them. It leave origin cover the reasons that guide to the three wars (the 1948-1949 war, the 1965 war and the Kargil war) and the perspectives of both the countries will be discussed in relation to these con take careations. Elaborating on historical and contemporary issues, a either-around(prenominal) out aspect of India and Pakistan on the Kashmir issue will be discussed and the disparities will be extrapolated. Finally the paper will discuss the possible solutions to the Kashmir conflict. The solutions will be intensive and would encom pass issues such as water system share-out, providing self-direction to the people of Kashmir, nurturing craftsmanship and commerce and demarcating the boundaries of Kashmir found on communal considerations.The Battle for Kashmira. Immediate post-independence 1948-1949 periodAs soon as the states of India and Pakistan were formed in 1947, the controversy over Kashmir arose. The two nations have been involved in four wars since the British left the subcontinent and the 1947-1948 was the first among them in which the rightful command over Kashmir was the contentious issue.1When the two countries were first formed, Kashmir was loomd by a Hindu king by the name of Maharaja Hari Singh. He was neutral to India and Pakistan and chose to remain independent. On October 22, 1947 a large subprogram of armed tribesmen2, made inroads into Kashmir, plundered the villages and laterwards set bam to these villages. It was at this moment that the king sought the assistance of India and in ret urn decided to make Kashmir a part of the Indian Union. This gave rise to further conflict in the region. In 1947, India and Pakistan went to war over Kashmir. Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appealed to ask the United Nations to intervene and a UN cease-fire was place for December 31, 1948.3A ceasefire was established through a Line of Control and Kashmir was acknowledged as a enmityd territory (Kashmir is still considered to be a disputed territory against the popular belief in India that the region is a part of it).What needs to be acknowledged is that the war over Kashmir enti avow after Independence had numerous dimensions to it. The Indian possible claims that the Maharaja of Kashmir was harassed by the constant pillaging of Kashmiri villages by the tribesmen of Pakistan. To protect the interests of the Kashmiri people the Maharaja signed instrument of Accession to India.4It was further considered that the terrorist forces were under the patronage of Pakistan and was aimed at destabilizing the region. India further claims that it managed to garner the support from the Kashmiris and under plebiscite rule it became a part of the nation. Pakistan on the other hand held an opinion that was totally different. Pakistan never imagined in the Accession agreement signed by India and continued to pack a third portion of Kashmir.5The varied opinion was the main reason that led to the war and it was only after the interruption of the UN that both sides acknowledged the existence of a ceasefire.India continued to occupy roughly parts of Kashmir while the international community along with Pakistan refuted such a territorial occupation. Pakistan managed to control a part of the territory and at the selfsame(prenominal) time refuted Indias claim. This was the scenario that prevailed in Kashmir after the war. The endeavors of the UN and the British prevented both the nations from breaking out into a war. Kashmir however was not attached the privileges of a democracy by the India Union. India position down the condition that unless Pakistani troops vacated the remaining portion entirely, democratic rights would be dressed in the region. through the 1950s6, there was a tussle between the State Assembly and the power at the nerve center in India for a more autonomous government. The Indian government was however really adamant in tackling the situation and hold a heavy military presence in the region. It was in this period that the people of Kashmir were subjected to strict military charge because the Indian politicians especially Nehru was of the opinion that if the people were conceden the liberty, it would promote Pakistan-sponsored terrorism in the region.b. 1965 WarThe year 1965 saw a desperate attempt by the Pakistani forces to bind Kashmir from the clasp of India. Between 1956 and 19627, Pakistan managed to procure a heavy consignment of military equipment and this narrowed down the military prowess of India and Pa kistan. Americas assistance to Pakistan could be a punitive step considering the fact that India and the Soviet Union had maintained a cordial affinity and this was beyond the comfort level of the US. The procurement emboldened Pakistan and it launched a lively attack on India. India was however successful in fending turned the attack and sought for international hinderance in the region in order to settle the dispute. It was for the first time that an international player (other than the UN took part in the Kashmir issue). The Security Council passed Resolution 211 that mandated both the parties to respect the ceasefire and recede back to their respective territories8. Even countries like the US stopped providing arms and ammunition to both the countries. This was instrumental in bringing both the parties to the talking t able-bodied with the Soviet Union as the mediator. A treaty was signed by both parties in Tashkent and as per the treaty the armies of both the nations withdr ew from the disputed area.The 1965 War clearly demonstrated the signifi disregardce of the Kashmir issue and brought to light the roles played by China, the US and the Soviet in the geopolitics of South Asia. Unfortunately the cease fire that was promulgated by the foreign powers did not have all bearing in the relationship between the two countries.9It was only a titular agreement between the two countries that was aimed at preventing whatsoever sort of confrontation between the Indian Army and the Pakistani Army. The scenario in Kashmir and the plight of the Kashmiris did not undergo any change after the war.c. 1999 WarA recurrent military-hybrid shift occurred in the 1980s through to the 1990s. afterward establishing a military regime through a coup in 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq came to rely significantly upon Islamist groups for domestic political legitimacy.10It was in this era that militancy in the region reached new heights. India blamed the Pakistani intelligence agencies for providing financial and logistical support to these militant groups. trance a portion of the blame can be attributed to Pakistan, the Indian Army operating in the region had a role to play in the proliferation of these groups. What needs to be acknowledged is the fact there was widespread infiltration from the Pakistani borders into Indian soil. This was a constant feature in the 1990s and the Indian Army resorted to air attacks in a bid to stop infiltration into the country. It was claimed by India that the infiltrators were backed up by the Pakistani soldiers patrolling the borders. As the air raids to curb the influx heated up, Pakistan troops retaliated. The domino effect continued and this gave rise to the Kargil War in 1999. aeonian shelling and airstrikes was a constant feature of the war. According to a Red Cross Report at least 30,00011were rendered homeless and they sought refuge in the Pakistani side of the Line of Control. Like the other two battles mentioned befor e, this too came to an end after an intervention by a third society. Pakistan and India both illustrious their victory in the war but the volatility in the region was never erased. As side effect of the insignificance of the war, the Prime Minister of Pakistan had to pave way for General Musharraf who seemingly focused on economic and hearty issues.Issue of the disputesThe Kashmir conflict presents a very diabolical situation owing to the myriad opinions held by the two stakeholders on either side of the border. both the sides have been steadfast in holding on to their whims and this has been the about serious issue. While numerous arrangements have been organized to tackle the issue, the unwillingness of both the parties has not allowed these duologue to proceed in a positive direction. It is withal noticeable that there has been a shift in the viewpoints when it comes to taking possession of Kashmir. A look into the perspectives of both the countries so that our understandin g of the problem becomes clearer.a. The Pakistanis ArgumentPakistan has always considered itself to be the deprived party when it comes to having a stake in Kashmir. In the earlier stages of the struggle, that is, the period just after 1947, Pakistan was over inclined to make Kashmir a part of it because of the mellower percentage of Muslims in the region. So when India occupied the region, it was a feeling of deprivation for Pakistan. In retaliation to it, the Army tried to capture Kashmir but did not succeed. Pakistan has very often resorted to cataclysmic religious violence12in a bid to destabilise the region and win the sympathy of the Kashmiris. This was not the campaign in the earlier stage when fundamentalism with respect to religion was not tapped to secure Kashmir. During the early stages of the conflict, the Army was the face of Pakistan and it did not budge in revealing its intentions to claim Kashmir. However the brazen steps interpreted by the Army drew the wrath of international players and so it resorted to hardliners so that a proxy war could be fought. This can be proven from the fact that the number of infiltrations increasing in the period concerned. One would raise ones eyebrow considering the fact these people managed to cross the border with relative ease and without any sort of hindrance from the Pakistani side.Pakistan has always supported the UN Security Council resolutions that envisaged the Kashmiri people determining in a plebiscite13as opposed to the command over the region by the Indian Union. The recent statement by the president of Pakistan clearly demonstrates the fact that Pakistan is eager to see a Kashmir which is free from the clout of India. Zardari remarked that Pakistan will continue to support the right of the people of Jammu Kashmir to quietnessfully choose their caboodle in accordance with the UN Security Councils long-standing resolutions on this matter.14India on the other hand has been able to ward off intern ational pressure in spite of depriving the people of Kashmir a plebiscite rule. This has been the main concern for Pakistan because it would have like a neutral player controlling Kashmir instead of India. Occasionally, the Pakistani contingent has vented their war by making inroads into Kashmir through the coercive path. Pakistan has time and again improved its military might with the help of countries like China and Iran and when it felt that it could capture Kashmir, it instigated a war.Pakistan has also maintained s firm base in the Line of Control in the form of terrorist groups. Pakistan is now endeavoring to spread the cult of militancy and terrorism in new areas south of the Pir Panjal range in the Jammu region.15In this way Pakistan believes that the people of Kashmir would develop a mysterious sense of animosity towards India and enhance Pakistans propaganda of destabilizing the zone. One can even claim that Pakistan has been effective in this front as there have been nu merous incidents involving tensions between Kashmir pundits and the absolute majority Muslim population. The area covered by Azad Kashmir has been the nurturing ground for numerous fundamentalist groups namely Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammad.16Pakistan believes that it is their right to fight a battle in the name of religion and to claim Kashmir. Though this perspective is not blatantly endorsed, there has been enough consequence to validate this claim. Leaders of militant groups such as Lakhvi and Hafeez Saeed have found safe havens in Pakistan and all attempts to extradite them have failed.b. Indias ArgumentIndia has always claimed to be the rightful rulers of Kashmir. It does not acknowledge the UNs opinion of considering Kashmir as a disputed region. Additionally India has meted out special treatment to the region by curbing approximately of the democratic rights. While India is a democratic region, Kashmir has a military rule. Only recently has the legitimacy of the ple biscite rule been felt. The three wars fought with Pakistan have made the country wary of Pakistans intention so it feels justified to ramp up the military operations in the region. Unfortunately the Army and the implementation of Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) have given rise to controversies pertaining to human rights. Other moves included detaining suspected terrorists under Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, TADA (a controversial Act passed only when for this purpose), clamping unrest in the form of curfews, house to house searches and indiscriminate interrogation of the natives.17Through stringent rules India intends to confine the radical elements in check but on paper India establishes Kashmir as a democratic state with all the privileges of an autonomous state in the Indian Union.Kashmir is also of prime significance as it is the turn point for the countries surrounding it. So by gaining extra mileage in any form India wants to utilize its p resence in the region. India considers such momentum important in order to curb the collusion between Pakistan and China against it. The wars in 1960s and the late 1990s were primarily initiated once Pakistan believed that it has the military prowess to shoot India. This confidence did not generate internally. The support extended by the US and China helped Pakistan improve its arsenal. So by maintain a firm base in Kashmir, India believes that it can negate the attacks perpetrated by Pakistan. upstart events show that the dispute over Kashmir has been taken to a new level after the increase in the number of infiltrators. India has been a victim of galore(postnominal) terrorist activities in the past and the trace of the miscreants trailed up to the terrorist organizations in Kashmir and Pakistan. So India believes that unless it ramps up its military activities in Kashmir and the borders surrounding it the influx of such infiltrants would be in the ascendancy. As a result, the la te 1980s witnessed a number of measures that was aimed at stopping the inflow. All men above the age of eighteen were issued identity cards and paramilitary patrols were stepped up in the region.18In spite of these measures and the increased surveillance across the borders, India has been a victim to the infiltrators who were responsible for carrying out blasts across cities and for carrying out the 26/11 Mumbai cover drama, which involved attacks in as many as 11 places in the city that left 183 people, including 22 foreigners, dead.19Facets of Dispute ResolutionThere has been diversity in opinions when commentators narrate the current situation in Kashmir. While most are optimistic in their assessment there are many who still believe (especially independents occupying Kashmir) that there no hope for Kashmir in the near future. This can be remarked from the increased activism by separatist groups. Even ordinary citizens from either side of the border perceive each other as threat s. The era from 1947 to 2000 was unproductive as there were no resolute measures in resolving the stalemate. However according to the first school of thought there is a silver lining that seems to have appeared in this century.In the new century, changing trends in all fields of knowledge and the emphasis of people-to-people contact has become important for promoting vernacular understanding between India and Pakistan.20It is fortunate that both the cultures are similar and this could be a basis for a friendly relationship. Both the countries have nuclear capabilities and this has decreased the possibility of a full scale war. latterly there have been talks that have promoted pot between the two nations. India was never in the most favored list of countries for trade with a very narrow positive list of 786 goods.21Pakistan has recently considered Indias case and one could soon see a transition in which bilateral trade is conducted between the two countries and this can be a catal yst in the peace talks between the two nations. Kashmir would also be an important region as it could intermediate the high volumes of trade that would ensue once the barriers to trade open up.On the flip side there has been numerous instances in which the talks to promote peace have failed miserably. The failed talks have been a major bottleneck in the way ahead because once such an event occurs there is a period of sustained inactivity in which both the parties pass up to cooperate in the peace dialogues. Most talks seem to revolve around Kashmir, border disputes and water sharing agreement. Unfortunately most issues remain unsolved for a very long time. Pakistans association with China also raises eyebrows in India and this could be a deterrent in the way ahead. India has never accepted China to be a super power in the subcontinent and there have been occasions of territorial dispute between India and China.22This has been a comminuted determinant in the interrelationship betw een India, Pakistan and China.The formation of a separatist group has added to the woes of Pakistan and India by adding another dimension to the Kashmir issue. The separatist groups have also started being vocal in demanding greater control through ideological leanings, political strategies, and goals23and have and so started participating in the political agenda of Kashmir. Pakistan have always supposed these groups probably to avenge the 1971 episode in which India supported the origination of Bangladesh which was then a part of Pakistan. The separatists have deep animosity towards the Indian government and they are merciless in displaying their discontent towards people who favor India.While the challenges that the stakeholders face is mottled, all the parties (India, Pakistan, Separatist and even China) should look to bring peace in the region. There can be numerous ways of coming out of the quagmire but it will require concerted efforts from every party and at the same time each player should be willing to be more open minded in pass judgment the credibility of the other party.Resolving the Kashmir DisputeThe first step would be to demarcate the boundaries of Kashmir in a manner such that all the parties agree to it. It should be noted that the people of Kashmir should have their consensus before any line is drawn. except history has proven that the Line of Control is a very volatile territory and very often the army of one country has a tendency to encroach upon foreign territory. It is therefore advisable that both the countries retract their army to a distance that is of considerable length. Involving a third party in the dispute has rarely paid off but the two countries could have a third party to monitor the activity at the borders. No third party would be willing to provide such support unless the financial assistance is provided by India and Pakistan. This will obviously be a pricey affair but it will reconcile the two troops within safe dist ance from each other. While this is done, the Kashmir people can have their say in deciding their fate.Mere division of territories also presents numerous problems. Kashmir is home to various religious sects and this aspect of it has to be respected while moving along the lines of a division. It is highly improbable for the Hindu dominated region to accept Pakistan while the Buddhist contingent have always opposed the idea of a separate state.24Therefore when a divide is created based on vote structure, the people who will be the nonage may face serious threats from the majority population. They would want to reside in a place where they find safety in numbers and the immigration of minority population may not be a smooth process as witnessed in 1947 after the partition took place. The nuclearization of India and Pakistan is thus an extraordinary moment in the narrative of Partition both its telos, in that it confirms the national jingoism and the bloodthirsty hatreds that propell ed the mass slayings and relocations of population in 1947.25Therefore even if Kashmir was to be divided up based on religious inclinations, both India and Pakistan must provide a safe environment for the minority groups.It is the responsibility of the governments on either side to include people in the administrative processes. Both should give more liberty, not merely by granting elections but also by rolling back restrictions on business, terminating governmental monopolies in trade and commerce, and encouraging international investment bodies such as the World beach and the Asian Development Bank.26This is one area where both the countries have failed miserably. Preoccupying the Kashmir people with trade and commerce could have at least reduced dissatisfaction from the indigenous masses. 80% of the people depend on agriculture while the mineral rich state has not been fully exploited for commercial production.27Kashmir is also a very scenic place and has the scope for exploit ing the tourism industry that has the potential to provide job opportunities to a attracter many Kashmiris. The other facet of facilitating trade and commerce is that Kashmir will be integrated with their respective Unions. It will also provide scope for developing infrastructure like schools, roads and hospitals. With quality education and easy job opportunities, hardline groups will not be able to lure the young into committing radical activities. While sections of the society have been able to lead a life of opulence there are many who have been deprived of basic necessities.28It was primarily the children of the latter section of the society who had been hoodwinked into pursuing radical activities. all-encompassing infrastructure coupled with quality education could be a way of appeasing the unrest among youth who rarely have anything to do.While control over Kashmir has been the contentious issue for India and Pakistan, both the countries have failed to steadiness issues to sharing of water bodies. Even if the territories were to be demarcated aptly in order to suit the likings of the local masses, Kashmir presents another problem that is very significant. The Kashmir imbroglio has always been looked upon as a territorial dispute and water sharing have been given little thought to water sharing treaties. Both have so remote managed to uphold a World Bank-mediated Indus Water Treaty (IWT) that provides mechanisms for resolving disputes over water sharing.29One cannot rely on the Treaty being a resolute stance taken by both the countries and any form of water scarcity in any country could lead to non-conformant of the agreement. Hostilities over water sharing between India and its more benevolent neighbor Bangladesh has already started and one can only expect the same relationship between India and Pakistan if any scarcity arises. The Indus Water Treaty (1960)30that was intermediated by the World Bank has been able to keep both the parties at ease and t he issue has not been the mooting point when peace dialogues have taken place. However one should realize the fact that the situation is still volatile. Over the years the issues concerning India and Pakistan have been Kashmir, insurgency, trade etc. Once these issues get resolved it is very likely that the issues related to water sharing may crop up and give rise to hostility between the two nations. As there is a rapid growth in urbanization there is a scarcity of potable water. Waterlogging, salinity, groundwater depletion and irrigation inefficiency continue to threaten agricultural production31and the Indus Water Treaty should be strong enough to be insulated from these phenomenon. It is also high time that the two countries looked at each other for support rather than going to international agencies. Both the countries have developed significantly over the years and they have sufficient resources to assess their situation better. Relying on the World Bank implies distrust tow ards each other and a sense of incapability to solve critical issues.Finally both the countries should not resort to any means that destabilizes the region. On the Pakistani side there is the Inter-Services Intelligence that is accused of training militants not only in Kashmir but also in regions bounding Afghanistan. mess holding responsible positions in Pakistans administration along with many retired personnel have hinted on the relationship between the Inter-Services Intelligence and the militant groups.32On the Indian side there is the Research and synopsis cowcatcher that is accused of spying into Pakistan and involving in secret activities. Throughout the Soviet/Afghan War the Research and Analysis Wing was responsible for the planning and execution of terrorist activities in Pakistan to deter Pakistan from support of Afghan liberation movement against Indias ally, the Soviet Union.33Both sides accuse each other for facilitating bombing activities and resorting to means th at destabilizes the region. This should be stopped straightway if both countries want to look at a brighter future. Sponsoring terrorism can have a retaliatory effect as illustrated by the Al-Qaeda Pakistan relation today. While Pakistan maintained a cordial relationship with the outfit, the 9/11 episode mandated Pakistan to take steps that would destabilize the group. Pakistan still faces a difficult choice whether to support the group in order to take advantage of state sponsored terrorism or to whole eradicate the presence of these fundamentalist group from Pakistani soil.The Kashmir conflict has become more complicated since its inauguration and requires a thorough analysis of the issue in order to come to any definite solution. Moreover it is cannot be tackled by a one dimens