What higher food prices mean for both consumers and producers at your Essay

What higher food prices mean for both consumers and producers at your own country Which are the factors that drive the food prices higher What, and for whom, are the costs and benefits of such an increase - Essay Example Consequently, the producers’ increases food prices to the consumers so that they can manage continuous food production. This paper will discuss the impacts of increasing food prices to both the producers and consumers. Additionally, it will discuss the factors that drive the food prices high and what or for whom, the cost and benefits of such increase are. Increase in food prices may affect producers positively or negatively. High food prices may affect the demand of food negatively. When the food prices goes high, the demand may go low since consumers may decide to go for cheaper substitutes or may decide to entirely forego that kind of food. For instance, increase in soft juice prices, meat and juices reduce their consumption, since people will opt for alternative food that is cost friendly2. On the other hand, producers may benefit directly from the high prices of food since they will be making more profit. Food prices hikes due to increase in demand hence producers will be able to produce in bulk which will also earn them a lot of sales which in turn increases their profits. To the consumers higher food prices have detrimental effects since some people will be spending more money on food in such a way that they will not have money to spend on non-food items. People who are below average financially, might not afford some food if the prices are hiked hence they might opt to skip some meals which is dangerous to human health. Additionally, the chronic diseases will be in the rise since consumers cannot meet the required dietary needs3. Most people will buy food for general satisfaction without looking into the nutritional value of food. High food prices interfere with the consumer preference. If the consumers visits the market and find that the preferred food is expensive than usual, they shift their preference towards the

Can Technology Replace Teachers Essay Example for Free

Can Technology Replace Teachers Essay TV, computers have fully integrated into urban life in many spheres like education, entertainment, and commerce, and therefore, some people consider that the technology such as multimedia teaching would replace teachers in class. I would say this does not sound very convincing because the superiority of the teachers are obvious. The first and most apparent advantage that face-to-face conversation is a vital ability for the environment of the social working is clear. Teachers give students direction to have a good grasp to work in the team or respect each other. It is possible for one to have a video communication with teacher to achieve that, however, the meaning of much of what we say depends on our body language and tone of voice which can not be transmitted by the computers. The interaction between teachers arid students is the core of teaching process. Additionally, it is generally thought that multimedia always connects with Internet which is a double-edged sword. The Internet with innumerable news sources about curriculum let us make the paradox of choice. For instance, we downland a mass of materials for TOEFL tests but do not know which one to start. Teachers play significant roles to guide our study, and they can tell us where we begin with, what we should do, and which reference we should choose, hence their proposal always make a huge difference especially in a brand new discipline. As a facilitator ,teacher can make us learn efficiency. Whats more, students,with low self-control, also easier to indulge in bad or rather faulty information and act on it. Teachers also play significant roles in supervising students. In conclusion, the computer has been widely used in class,it cannot replace the role of teachers who impersonated an essential part of modern education. Nevertheless,multimedia teaching facilitates our education like PPT teaching which can avoid the chalk dust. Teachers can use this trait to mend and consummate our education.

Sending Your Child to a Day Care Center Essays -- Essays Papers

Sending Your Child to a Day Care Center Abstract Sending your child to day care is a tough decision to make. Parents most look into various ideas when picking a day care center. They also must think about what is best for their child’s development whether it be social, physical or cognitive. There are various pros and cons to sending your child to day care and decide if it is right for your child and family. â€Å"As they stepped into Ms. Couchon's office, the mother, a nurse, burst into tears. Her husband, a software engineer, had just lost his job,† she explained, leaving the family strapped. â€Å"I gave her a hug and let her cry,† Ms. Couchon says. She also refused the mother's request to drop her two preschoolers from the center's roster, telling her she would cut their tuition until her husband got a new job.† (Shellenbarger, 2000). Parents want to send their children to daycare even though it costs them a great deal of money. It is hard to tell if parents should send their children because of how expensive it is. Parents are even becoming stressed that the child day care centers are taking care of the parents as well as the children. There are many things to consider when deciding if you are going to send your child to day care or not. As shown in the situation above, there is a great deal of stress and money that comes along with sending your child to daycare. At Needham Heights KinderCare, in Massachusetts, where Ms. Couchon is the director, parents walk in to soothing classical music in the reception area. They are even encouraged to take a few minutes to relax, knowing how stressed they are. There are phone calls that are made during her lunch hour for paren... ...local variation. Children & Society, 15(3) pp170-181. Retreived March 27, 2004 from Acedemic Search Premier. Sethi, A. (n.d.). The Daycare Dilemma. Retrieved May 6, 2004, from http://www.parenting.com/parenting /article/0,19451,9367,00.html Shellenbarger, S. (Apr 9, 2000). Now, Day-Care Centers Have Started Helping Stressed Parents, Too. The Wall Street Journal, pp B1. Retrieved March 27, 2004 from http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.882004&resdat=xri:pqd&rft_valfmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&rft_dat=xri:pqd:did=000000052730101&svc_dat=xri:pqil:fmt=text&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=41150 Yan, W. & Lin, Q. (2004, February 24). The effect of Kindergarten program types and class size on early academic performance. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 12(7). Retrieved March 26, 2004 from http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v12n7/.

Annotation of the Children of Hurin

The purpose of this essay is to be a book review, and an analysis of the writing as a whole. It has been said that this is Tolkien’s darkest work, which goes along with the theme of Darkness and Wickedness throughout the book. Tolkien’s time period, religion, and upbringing have shaped his works; including this one. Quote â€Å"he can make one feel the darkness and wickedness, and its insidious nature as it silently seeps into human hearts and minds, which alters their behavior leading to human demise. This is very true in The Children of Hurin; there are characters that because of their wickedness that is inside, or cast upon them end up perishing due to their choices and behaviors. I do not necessarily agree with Witherington that human pride goes before the fall, and it makes us vulnerable to powers of darkness. I do not understand the connection of how pride can cause vulnerability to the darkness. If someone is prideful then they may not take heed to others advice and counsel, but that doesn't necessarily mean that it will cause them to fall into darkness easier than someone who isn't.The protagonist Turin sets out on his journey in a world that is occupied with evil and wickedness. So far Turin hasn't fallen into obscurity and evil ways and he has a lot of pride in this story. What is personally interesting to me in this essay is Witherington’s correlation of â€Å"Tolkien's use of the motif of the creeping darkness of evil which falls upon the realm owes more to the Biblical notion of the effects of the Fall than to Norse lore. †

Cough And Airways Inflammation Biomarkers Health And Social Care Essay

The term â€Å" pneumonic diseases † refers to many upsets impacting chiefly the lungs. The chief pneumonic upsets are: asthma, chronic clogging pneumonic disease ( COPD ) including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, infective lung diseases like grippe, pneumonia and TB, lung malignant neoplastic disease and sleep apnoea. Chronic Cough A cough that persists more than 3 hebdomads might be chronic and if did non decide it will be a common job. For many people a chronic cough can be more than an irritation. Sing that a chronic cough could last hebdomads or even months it can be physically wash uping, can worry and rag friends, household, work co-workers. Beside the societal facet it can besides destroy a individual ‘s slumber, taking to daytime drowsiness and impaired public presentation. It may look as a comparatively minor status, but it may hold major reverberations. From a pathological point of position cough consequences from two mechanisms: 1. Stimulation of centripetal nervousnesss in the respiratory epithelial tissue by secernments, fume, foreign organic structures and tumors. 2. Sensitization of the cough physiological reaction in which there is an addition in the sensitiveness of the cough receptors, incontrovertible by inspiration of the tussive agent ‘s capsaicin, citric acid or low chloride solutions. Chronic cough is presented clinically as a titillating esthesis in the pharynx with fits of coughing induced by alterations in the temperature of the air, aromas, sprays and coffin nail fume. The most common causes for chronic cough in a non-smoker with a normal thorax X ray are viral infections, oesophageal reflux, station nasal trickle, asthma, idiopathic cough and angiotonin change overing enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors. Less common causes include: upsets of the pericardium, congestive bosom failure, upsets of the upper air passages, interstitial lung disease, chronic pneumonic infections ( e.g. , TB ) , cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, bronchogenic carcinoma, and even upsets with psychogenetic beginning. Postnasal Drip Syndrome is the most common cause of chronic cough. It is characterised by frequent nasal discharge, esthesis of drainage in the dorsum of the pharynx and cough due to throat glade. On physical scrutiny can be noticed a unsmooth visual aspect of the dorsum of the pharynx. Sinus x-rays or sinus CT ( computed imaging ) scan may demo grounds of sinusitis. Causes of postnasal trickle include sinusitis, allergic coryza, and vasomotor coryza. It is normally treated with decongestants and antihistamines, with or without rhinal steroid sprays, a vasoconstrictive such as oxymetalazone, plus antibiotics for the sinusitis. Chronic cough due to postnasal trickle may take a few hebdomads to a twosome of months to decide or even longer. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ( GERD ) is another common cause of chronic cough. The diagnosing may be obtained from the medical history patients frequently kicking of frequent pyrosis or rancid gustatory sensation in the oral cavity. Nevertheless a great proportion of patients present with GERD do non show with the authoritative symptoms and their lone symptom is the cough. If the pH in the gorge falls below a certain degree, acid is refluxing from the tummy, so the pH in the gorge has to be measured utilizing a 24 hr oesophageal investigation. If this is non performed another diagnostic trial is the therapy directed at reflux and if the cough resolves this is a verification of the diagnosing. The intervention for GERD is simple including a few simple instructions: lift of the caput of the bed ; non eating or imbibing 2 to 3 hours before bedtime ; and avoiding certain nutrients ( fatty nutrients, cocoa, intoxicant, orange juice, and caffeine ) every bit good as cut downing acerb p roduction in the tummy utilizing proton pump inhibitors. Variant asthma is symptomless except for the cough, being really hard to name as the physical scrutiny and the pneumonic map trials can be normal. Initiation of coughing can be due to smoke, aromas, cold air, exercising or beta-blockers. Confirmation of the diagnosing of cough-variant asthma may include a eupneic trial called a Mecholyl bronchial challenge trial. ACE Inhibitors can stand for another cause of chronic cough and the diagnosing can be made extinguishing the usage of the drug for a few yearss up to 4 hebdomads, every bit good as reappearance of cough when the drug is used once more. Aim The aim of this undertaking is to happen a correlativity between lung map trials and entire cough rate utilizing a patented aim and subjective showing trials. Purposes – To analyze the association between cough and the degree of lung inflammatory marker Nitric Oxide ( NO ) in patients with chronic cough. – The correlativity between lung map trials and entire cough rate utilizing a patented nonsubjective testing trial ( cough entering system ) . Hypothesis Harmonizing to the scientific literature exhaled Nitric oxide with a value over 25 ppb is an index of possibility of developing asthma and harmonizing to. Zeidler on â€Å" Exhaled Nitric Oxide in the appraisal of asthma † published on Medscape in 2002, the eNO can be used as a tool in naming topics suspected of holding asthma. Furthermore a survey conducted by Aaron Deykin and his co-workers â€Å" Exhaled azotic oxide as a diagnostic trial for asthma † , published in 2002, stated that fractional exhaled azotic oxide ( FeNO ) is characteristically elevated in patients enduring from asthma. Ethical motives All participant patients will be asked to subscribe a consent signifier and letters shall be sent to their Gps and other doctors involved in an ongoing patient attention. An ethical blessing will be obtained from the local research moralss commission. Health and safety Risk appraisal for this undertaking will be done in conformity with COSHH ( Control of Substances Hazardous to Health ) Regulations and hospital ain regulations. Methodology- Subjects Recruitment: 100 healthy non-smoking topics without a history of important chronic respiratory disease will be recruited from the third referral cough clinic held at Leighton Hospital, where they will be approached and the undertaking will be explained. The subjects` inclusion standards are: – Over 18 old ages old, – Chronic dry cough for more than 8 hebdomads continuance – Convention CXR – Convention lung map The topics ‘ exclusion standards are: – Upper berth respiratory tract infection within the last 4 hebdomads – Current tobacco users – Pregnancy -Opiate medicine / ACE inhibitor usage – Diabetes Mellitus On the twenty-four hours of the trial patients will be advised non to take caffeine or any bronchodilators. Trial order and survey Design These physiological trials are performed in order of non-invasiveness, get downing with the simplest one, for non impacting the undermentioned trials. Time graduated table: Undertaking continuance is 1 twelvemonth: -The foremost trial to be conducted on the campaigners is the Exhaled Nitric Oxide ( eNO ) : 3 halituss per patient should be recorded. With each measuring the patient is asked to expire for 10sec. The measuring range is to obtain an mean FENO value- fixed flow rate during exhaled azotic oxide- which is indicated in parts per billion. -The other trial to be performed on the topics is the mechanization cough recording. The Manchester cough journal ( MCD ) is an ambulatory digital cough entering device to enter entire cough during 24 hours, by lodging 2 detector mikes to the topic thorax. Then we manually count and analyse the coughs in a particular computing machine programme called Cool edit 2000. Statistical analysis All the collected informations will be analysed by Spearman ‘s correlativity trial utilizing ( SPSS ) Version 15.0 and Minitab 15 statistical solution soft were to verify the variables. Parametric and nonparametric informations are traveling to be presented as average and inter quartile scope ( IQR ) and P value less than 0.05will be considered important. The statistical informations will be analysed and plotted into a graph as entire cough rate against eNO values. Other two graphs are plotted as the frequence of the entire cough rate against the twenty-four hours cough rate ( cr twenty-four hours ) and the dark cough ( cr dark ) .

A Study of Lyme Disease in New Jersey essays

A Study of Lyme Disease in New Jersey essays Just by living in the world, human beings are susceptible to disease. Many diseases for example, influenza and tuberculosis are spread when bacteria or viruses pass from one person to another. Other diseases are acquired genetically from ones parents, such as cystic fibrosis. Some diseases, such as heart disease and osteoporosis, develop as humans age. Others humans get from the environment; examples are lead poisoning and skin cancer due to exposure to the sun. Finally, there are diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Lyme disease is one such disease. Cases of Lyme disease, which is transmitted to humans and pets by the bite of a tick, are steadily increasing in areas such as the Northeast region of the United States. At present, there is no vaccine for humans; the best way to prevent Lyme disease is to take precautions against being bitten by a tick and allowing the tick to remain attached to the skin long enough for the infection to be transmitted. The story of Lyme disease in the United States began in 1975, when two mothers, Polly Murray and Judith Mensch, alarmed by the great number of cases of joint inflammation in the their communities of Lyme and Ease Haddam, Connecticut, contacted public health authorities (7:5). The health department contacted Allen Steere and his colleagues at Yale University, in New Haven. Steere believed the outbreak may provide a clue about the infectious agent or environmental toxin that was responsible for arthritis (2:26). One early observation made by Steere was an association between the arthritis and a prior skin rash. A connection was then made between this rash and a similar one called erythema migrans, which comes from the bite of the sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus and is frequently found in northern Europe (7:5). After field studies and patient surveys were carried out the researchers released three essential findings which later led to the discovery...

Castigo por entrar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos

Castigo por entrar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos El cruce ilegal de la frontera para ingresar a los Estados Unidos tiene consecuencias migratorias graves e incluso puede tenerlas desde el punto de vista penal. Destacar que las consecuencias se producen tanto si se consigue el objetivo de ingresar como si se es agarrado en el intento.  ¿Quà © se considera ingreso ilegal a los Estados Unidos? En realidad, segà ºn las leyes migratorias constituye entrada ilegal varias acciones, entre ellas: cruzar por cualquier punto que no sea un control migratoriocruzar escondido en un vehà ­culo que sà ­ pasa por un control migratoriocruzar por un control migratorio utilizando una visa vlida pero que se obtuvo mintiendo cruzar utilizando un documento falso como visa, pasaporte o tarjeta de residenciacruzar con el documento de otra persona, como por ejemplo su pasaporte o cualquier otro.  ¿Cul es el castigo por cruzar ilegalmente 1 vez? El castigo por cruzar o intentar cruzar ilegalmente la frontera 1 sola vez comprende distintas penalidades como posible multa econà ³mica y/o posible condena de prisià ³n por un mximo de 2 aà ±os.   Adems, si no se consigue cruzar ilegalmente es muy posible que la remocià ³n de Estados Unidos tenga la forma de una expulsià ³n inmediata, que lleva como penalidad el castigo de no poder ingresar a Estados Unidos por 5 aà ±os. Tener en cuenta que incluso cuando ya ha pasado el tiempo de la penalidad es posible que sea especialmente difà ­cil obtener una visa no inmigrante porque se considera que la persona es inelegible. Esto se debe a que para pedir una visa no inmigrante con à ©xito uno de los requisitos es la de convencer al oficial consular ms all de toda duda de que el solicitante no tiene intencià ³n de quedarse en Estados Unidos. Y esto es particularmente difà ­cil cuando en el pasado se intentà ³ cruzar ilegalmente. Por otra parte, si el migrante consigue cruzar ilegalmente sin ser agarrado tiene que saber que sus problemas migratorios son reales. En primer lugar, es prioridad para ser removido de Estados Unidos, bien mediante una expulsià ³n inmediata o bien mediante un procedimiento formal de deportacià ³n, dependiendo del caso.   En segundo lugar, prcticamente todos los caminos para regularizar la situacià ³n mediante un ajuste de estatus estn cerrados. Esto es porque la persona se ha convertido en lo que se conoce como inadmisible. En la prctica esto quiere decir que incluso es imposible arreglar mediante el ajuste a personas que se casan de buena fe con ciudadanos americanos y tienen hijos ciudadanos. Por lo tanto habrà ­a que salir del paà ­s para ir a travà ©s de un procedimiento consular y ahà ­ hay otro problema que es que aplica el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os. Por todas estas razones los indocumentados que ingresaron ilegalmente deben consultar con un abogado de confianza antes de iniciar temas de papelerà ­a porque en muchos casos no es posible obtenerlos de ninguna manera desde un punto de vista prctico. Es cierto que hay abiertos algunos cauces abiertos, como por ejemplo el asilo que cada vez es ms complicado especialmente cuando se solicita en la zona de la frontera o las visas U para và ­ctimas de violencia que cumplen requisitos estrictos, VAWA para và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica o casos como la visa T por trfico humano o el programa de juveniles para menores de 21 aà ±os que han sido abusados y/o abandonados por sus padres. Segà ºn la ley actual los à ºnicos migrantes indocumentados que ingresaron ilegalmente y que estn protegidos frente a la deportacià ³n son los muchachos conocidos como Dreamers y que tienen aprobada una medida que se conoce como Accià ³n Diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s).  ¿Quà © sucede cuando se ingresa o se intenta ingresar ilegalmente 2 o ms veces? Las consecuencias civiles, es decir multas, penales y migratorias son ms graves que en el caso anterior. En primer lugar, multa econà ³mica de entre $50 a $250 dà ³lares, si bien esa cantidad se multiplica por 2 si previamente se castigà ³ a ese migrante con una multa por razà ³n de ingreso ilegal. En segundo lugar, puede haber pena de crcel, a entender de la siguiente manera: Las personas expulsadas o deportadas previamente de Estados Unidos por razà ³n de seguridad nacional, por ejemplo por pertenecer a pandillas, sern multados y/o condenados a prisià ³n por un mximo de 10 aà ±os. Si tiene ms de una condena, deber cumplirlas sucesivamente, es decir, no se permite la acumulacià ³n de condenas. Las personas expulsadas o deportadas de USA por 3 o ms faltas o por 1 delito si estos estn relacionados con drogas o delitos contra las personas sern castigadas con multa y/o prisià ³n por un mximo de 10 aà ±os. Las personas deportadas por un delito agravado pueden ser castigadas con multa y/o un mximo de 20 aà ±os en prisià ³n. Adems, en estos casos la reentrada o intento es considerada por sà ­ mismo un delito agravado. Finalmente, las personas deportadas por un delito no violento pueden ser castigadas por un mximo de 10 aà ±os de prisià ³n. En tercer lugar, hay importantes efectos migratorios ya que se produce la penalidad de la prohibicià ³n permanente para ingresar a Estados Unidos. Esto aplica en 2 casos: Cuando una persona ha pasado ms de 1 aà ±o ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos, todo el tiempo junto o de varias veces, despuà ©s sale y despuà ©s ingresa ilegalmente.Cuando una persona ha sido removida de los Estados Unidos e ingresa o intenta ingresar ilegalmente. Esto quiere decir que en la inmensa mayorà ­a de los casos nunca jams se podr regresar a los Estados Unidos legalmente. En casos excepcionales podrà ­a ser posible solicitar y obtener un perdà ³n para que se permita aplicar por una visa no inmigrante o una visa inmigrante si se califica para una. Si bien es siempre necesario vivir un mà ­nimo de 10 aà ±os fuera de los Estados Unidos antes de poder siquiera solicitar una autorizacià ³n para poder aplicar por la visa.  ¿Quà © leyes aplican para los casos de ingreso ilegal? Para estos casos aplican la Seccià ³n 275 de la Ley de Inmigracià ³n y Nacionalidad, conocida en inglà ©s por las siglas INA o el Tà ­tulo Octavo de la Seccià ³n 1235 del Cà ³digo de Estados Unidos (U.S.C., por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Biography of Queen Nefertiti, Ancient Egyptian Queen

Biography of Queen Nefertiti, Ancient Egyptian Queen Nefertiti (c. 1370  BCE–c. 1336 or 1334  BCE) was an Egyptian queen,  the chief wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV, also known as Akhenaten. She is perhaps best known for her  appearance in Egyptian art, especially the famous bust discovered in 1912 at Amarna (known as the Berlin Bust), along with her role in the religious revolution centering on monotheistic worship of the sun disk Aten. Fast Facts: Queen Nefertiti Known For: Ancient queen of EgyptAlso Known As: Hereditary Princess, Great of Praises, Lady of Grace, Sweet of Love, Lady of The Two Lands, Main Kings Wife, his beloved, Great Kings Wife, Lady of all Women, and Mistress of Upper and Lower EgyptBorn: c. 1370  BCE in ThebesParents: UnknownDied: 1336  BCE, or perhaps 1334, location unknownSpouse: King  Akhenaton  (formerly Amenhotep IV)Children: Meritaten, Meketaten, Ankhesenpaaten, and Setepenre (all daughters) The name Nefertiti has been translated as The Beautiful One  Is Come. Based on the Berlin bust, Nefertiti is known for her great beauty.  After the death of her husband, she may well have ruled Egypt briefly under the name pharaoh Smenkhkare (ruled 1336–1334 BCE). Early Life Nefertiti was born about 1370 BCE, probably in Thebes, although her origins are debated by archaeologists and historians. Egyptian royal families were always tangled by the intermarriage of siblings as well as by children and their parents: Nefertitis life story is difficult to trace because she went through several name changes.  She may have been a foreign princess from an area in what became northern Iraq. She may have been from Egypt, the daughter of the previous Pharaoh Amenhotep III and his chief wife Queen Tiy. Some evidence suggests that she may have been the daughter of Ay, Pharaoh Amenhotep IIIs vizier, who was a brother of Queen Tiy and who became pharaoh after Tutankhamen. Nefertiti grew up in the royal palace at Thebes and had an Egyptian woman, the wife of a courtier of Amenhotep III, as her wet nurse and tutor, which suggests she was of some importance in the court.  It seems certain that she was brought up in the cult of the sun god Aten. Whoever she was, Nefertiti was set to marry the Pharaohs son, who would become Amenhotep IV by the time she was about 11 years old. Wife of the Pharaoh Amenhotep IV Nefertiti became the chief wife (queen) of the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (ruled 1350–1334), who took the name Akhenaten when he led a religious revolution that put the sun god Aten at the center of religious worship. This was a form of monotheism that only lasted as long as his rule. Art from the time depicts a close family relationship, with Nefertiti, Akhenaten, and their six daughters depicted more naturalistically, individualistically, and informally than in other eras. Images of Nefertiti also depict her taking an active role in the Aten cult. For the first five years of Akhenatens rule, Nefertiti is depicted in carved images as being a very active queen, with a central role in ceremonial acts of worship. The family most likely lived at the palace of Malkata in Thebes, which was grand by any standard. Amenhotep Becomes Akhenaten Before the 10th year of his reign, Pharaoh Amenhotep IV took the unusual step of changing his name along with the religious practices of Egypt. Under his new name of Akhenaten, he established a new cult of Aten and abolished the current religious practices. This undermined the wealth and power of the cult of Amun, consolidating power under Akhenaten. Pharaohs were divine in Egypt, no less than gods, and there are no records of public or private dissent against the changes Akhenaten instituted- during his lifetime. But the modifications he made to the hide-bound religion of Egypt were vast and must have been deeply unsettling to the populace. He left Thebes, where pharaohs had been installed for millennia, and moved to a new site in Middle Egypt that he called Akhetaten, the Horizon of Aten, and which archaeologists call Tell el Amarna. He defunded and shut down temple institutions at Heliopolis and Memphis, and co-opted elites with bribes of wealth and power. He established himself as a co-ruler of Egypt with the sun god Aten. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images In court artwork, Akhenaten had himself and his wife and family depicted in strange new ways, images with elongated faces and bodies and thin extremities, hands with long fingers curving upwards and extended bellies and hips. Early archaeologists were convinced that these were true representations until they found his perfectly normal mummy. Perhaps he was presenting himself and his family as divine creatures, both male and female, both animal and human. Akhenaten had an extensive harem, which included two of his daughters with Nefertiti, Meritaten and Ankhesenpaaten. Both had children by their father. Disappearance- or the New Co-King After 12 years of reigning as the beloved wife of the pharaoh, Nefertiti seems to disappear from recorded history. There are multiple theories about what may have happened. She may, of course, have died at that time; she may have been assassinated and replaced as a Great Wife by another, perhaps one of her own daughters. One tantalizing theory growing in support is that she might not have disappeared at all, but rather changed her name and become Akhenatens co-king, Ankhkheperure mery-Waenre Neferneferuaten Akhetenhys. The Death of Akhenaten In the 13th year of Akhenatens rule, he lost two daughters to the plague and another to childbirth. His mother Tiy died the next year. A devastating military loss deprived Egypt of its lands in Syria, and after that, Akhenaten became a fanatic for his new religion, sending his agents out into the world to remake all the Egyptian temples, chiseling out the names of the Theban gods on everything from the temple walls and obelisks to personal objects. Some scholars believe Akhenaten may have forced his priests to destroy the ancient cult figures and slaughter the sacred beasts. A total eclipse occurred on May 13, 1338 BCE, and Egypt fell into darkness for more than five minutes. The effect on the pharaoh, his family, and his kingdom is unknown but may have been seen as an omen. Akhenaten died in 1334 during the 17th year of his reign. Nefertiti the Pharaoh? The scholars who suggest Nefertiti was Akhenatens co-king also suggest the pharaoh that followed Akhenaten was Nefertiti, under the name of Ankhkheperure Smenkhkare. That king/queen quickly began the dismantlement of Akhenatens heretical reformations. Smenkhkare took two wives- Nefertitis daughters Meritaten and Ankhesenpaaten- and abandoned the city of Akhetaten, bricking up the temples and houses of the city and moving back to Thebes. All the old cities were revived, and the cult statues of Mut, Amun, Ptah, and Nefertum and other traditional gods were reinstalled, and artisans were sent out to repair the chisel marks. She (or he) may also well have selected the next sovereign, Tutankhaten- a boy of just 7 or 8 who was too young to rule. His sister Ankhesenpaaten was tapped to watch over him. Smenkhkares rule was short, and Tutankhaten was left to complete the re-establishment of the old religion under the name of Tutankhamen. He married Ankhesenpaaten and changed her name to Ankhesenamun: she, the last member of the 18th dynasty and Nefertitis daughter, would outlive Tutankhamen and end up married to the first of the 19th dynasty kings, Ay. Legacy Tutankhamens mother is noted in records as a woman named Kiya, who was another wife of Akhenaten.  Her hair was styled in the Nubian fashion, perhaps indicating her origin. Some images (a drawing, a tomb scene) point to the pharaoh mourning her death in childbirth.  Images of Kiya were, at some later time, destroyed. DNA evidence has surfaced a new theory about Nefertitis relationship to Tutankhamen (King Tut)- he was clearly the child of incest. This evidence might suggest that Nefertiti was the mother of Tutankhamen and a first cousin of Akhenaten; or that Nefertiti was his grandmother, and Tutankhamens mother was not Kiya but one of Nefertitis daughters. Sources Cooney, Kara. When Women Ruled the World: Six Queens of Egypt. National Geographic Books, 2018.  Hawass, Z.  The Golden King: The World of Tutankhamun.  (National Geographic, 2004).Mark, Joshua J. Nefertiti.  Ancient History Encyclopedia, 14 Apr 2014.Powell, Alvin. A different take on Tut. The Harvard Gazette, Harvard University, February 11, 2013.  Rose, Mark. Wheres Nefertiti? Archaeology Magazine, September 16, 2004.Tyldesley, Joyce. Nefertiti: Egypts Sun Queen. London: Penguin, 2005.Watterson, B.  The Egyptians.  (Wiley-Blackwell, 1998).

Movie comment Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Comment - Movie Review Example According to (UTAH ) â€Å" On December 7, 1941. The traumatic mass movement of the Japanese from the West Coast began. Under the infamous Executive Order 9066, the army was empowered to oversee the "enemy alien problem." During this period, the Americans were fighting hard against the Japanese residing in the Pacific ,the Americans had a notion that most of the Japanese were spies and could turn out be a big threat to the nation .(Book mice)claims that â€Å"Although prejudice and discrimination played major roles in the internment, economics and jealousy did also, as many Californians were jealous of the economic success that the Japanese-American farmers and store owners enjoyed† This make it clear that during the Japanese internment period the Americans had a mixed feeling of war threat, national insecurity, jealousy and prejudice running through their head. Answer to question two The movie â€Å"snow falling on cedars† has explicit sex scenes and violence related to Japanese internment. According to (Renteln,618-648) â€Å"In particular, through consideration of various historical documents I argue that a deeply rooted fear of sexual congress between the races consciously or unconsciously motivated some of the actions which led to the internment of 120,000 Japanese Americans†.

Training and Development of Hiring Practices Case Study

Training and Development of Hiring Practices - Case Study Example A competent staff is indispensable to gain and maintain the competitive advantage. A JA process is rigorous and as such, it needs an important trigger. Triggers such as a change in the organization’s value proposition are some of the aspects that could call for a JA (Watkins, Meiers, & Visser, 2012). As earlier discussed, Training Needs Analysis determines the particular range of the needs that are manageable through training. Nevertheless, it is vital to note that not all needs may prompt the need for training in fixing the perceived issue. A three-tiered approach to analyzing needs exists (Bowman, & Wilson, 2008). The organizational analysis allows the manager to view the performance of the organization and highlights the performance problems in particular departments within the firm (Narasimhan, & Ramanarayanan, 2012). The level of analysis pertains examining the internal environment of the organization. It also extends to possible influences on employee performance and constructing its fit in line with the objective of the organization (Watkins, Meiers, & Visser, 2012). To conduct an organizational analysis, information can stem from channels such as the goals of the organization, its mission statement, and strategies. At the operational level of analysis, focus shifts to knowledge, skills and capabilities necessary for the execution of specific tasks. Termed the task analysis, it calls for an extensive examination of a task to ease the identification of the abilities needed for the exemplary execution of the task (Lubke, 2011). As Shah, & Gopal, (2012) claim, job descriptions, and performance standards are among the most effective sources of information for the task analysis framework. A manager could ask â€Å"highlight the specific tasks you are to accomplish during the workshop,† or† â€Å"provide an overview of the tasks scheduled for tomorrow in order of priority?†Ã‚  Ã‚  

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The French Revolution - Essay Example This study outlines that King Luis XVI also escalated the need for a revolution because he was known to be indecisive. He also had the habit of letting the strong opposition bring him to a position where he could not make a decision on his own. In as much as he reduced the government expenditure, he often was not strong enough to prevent the opposition from thwarting his attempts to create and enact the most important reforms. Therefore, it was easy for those who were against the French monarchy to spread propaganda against the king, thus arousing resentment towards it. From this paper it is clear that apart from the above factors, other issues also led to the eruption of the French revolution. These include the resentment of the people towards the royal absolutism. The peasants and laborers were also driven by poverty so they thought with the monarchy and the church out of power, they would be able to improve their lives. The people also felt intimidated by the Catholic Church power over the public policies and institutions too. Others also advocated for freedom of worship, combined with resentment towards the French queen known for her extravagant style. These were just among other reasons as to why the French revolution occurred. The main goals of the 1789 revolution were to create a constitutional monarchy which would allow for liberty in the French society (Emmet 23-24). Some of the liberties that the French people wanted to have been for instance; sovereignty for the nation, right to speech and conscience, freedom of employment regardless the status, and most importantly, the rights to own property. The people also wanted to have a new constitution that stripped the church off their powers. The new constitution was not to oppose the king but make him as a part of the nation while the church was to be replaced as a source of sovereignty. The people’s goals were inclined towards the rights of the people against the government.

Thomas Aquinas, Treatise on Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thomas Aquinas, Treatise on Man - Essay Example It puts forward several topics concerning western Christian theology such as the existence of God, the purpose of man and the sacraments and how man should get back to God. The Summa Theologica is comprised of three major parts each of which deal with a major subject of Christian theology, the first part known as Prima Pars delves of God's existence in relation with nature; the creation of the earth, angels and man's nature. The second part Prima Secundae tackles in general principles of morality such as individual beliefs and vices while the third part Secunda Secundae deals with man's work for God and the sacraments and the ways of God. The Summa Theologica is composed of varying questions each of which is centered around a unique subtopic with the questions phrased as curious statements handling different issues such as whether Christ should have lived a life of poverty while on earth. Analysis: The first parts of concern are structured as eight questions such as questioning if th e happiness of man lies in wealth, scripture is quoted for example Ecclesiastes 10:19 states that whatever has the greatest hold over man's affections is ultimately the source of his happiness which is money therefore stating that man's happiness lies in wealth because it commands all things. Happiness is observed as a state of being made good by all things being perfect; money is portrayed as a guarantee for all of man's desires. St Thomas argues further by contradicting the notion that money is the source of man's happiness by stating that the good does not seek in spreading happiness but rather retaining it, Boethius argues by saying that wealth lies in giving rather than collecting as a miser which is hateful and applauds man's generosity. St Thomas is quick to disagree with the statement through his counter argument that shows how wealth is twofold consisting of the natural and artificial with the natural satisfying man's natural needs like food, dwellings and cars while the ar tificial wealth is that which is not related to nature such as money but exists as an invention of man for convenience in exchange and as a measure for salable things. He further argues that the happiness of man cannot be comprised of natural wealth as it is sought for to support man's nature and as such cannot be the last end rather is chosen as his last end. In addition, St Thomas argues that artificial wealth is sought to save humans from natural health while in its pursuit in a way that he procures natural wealth so as to obtain the necessities of life. The second question deals with the happiness in relation to the honor of man, the objection is made stating that all that belongs to God and people of honor and excellence is the source of happiness as it stands for perfection and good. Another objection is made which states that the greatest desire of man above happiness is to be honorable, of all man’s sufferings the loss of honor is the greatest and as such man's happin ess co-exists with honor. St Thomas answers the objections by stating that is not possible for happiness to be comprised of honor, because honor is accorded to man on account for his excellence and as a recognition of his achievements. Therefore man's good deeds can provide him some level f happiness but cannot entirely be the source of his happiness. A question is put forward as to

Critique assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique assignment - Essay Example It was good that the working title of their report was itself the primary aim indicated in the abstract. The authors were apparently determined to be consistent throughout. However, they failed to narrow down the research title, which was too general. The abstract specifically said that the patients were 42 men but the title overlooked this. Also, though the title may be understandable to readers of varying backgrounds, the abstract looked informal and deviated from the usual academic tone. It had sub-headings, some of which were composed of phrases instead of recognized sentences. The abstract’s opening line â€Å"Aim: To assess changes in quality of life (QoL) and oxygen consumption produced by two different patterns of physical training in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF)† was certainly a phrase. Though the abstract gave an accurate synopsis of the report, it was just puzzling why such informality was allowed to be published by professors and by an intern ational journal. The report did mention how participants were allocated into three groups as part of the intervention process, but failed to specify the randomization technique used. The introduction part was not very direct in conveying its message to readers, whoever they may be. There was never any mention for whom the report was intended – whether it was for aspiring cardiologists, for physical therapists, for patients with CHF beyond the study’s jurisdiction, or for nearly anyone interested in the research. Moreover, the scientific explanations provided in the introduction lacked statistical backing, which would have strengthened the need or the rationale for conducting the research (University of Guelph, n.d.). For instance, the authors merely explained the meaning of congestive heart failure and its association with high mortality the way a medical dictionary would. The meaning did not prove the necessity for employing physical exercises to improve the QoL and oxygen

Thomas Aquinas, Treatise on Man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thomas Aquinas, Treatise on Man - Essay Example It puts forward several topics concerning western Christian theology such as the existence of God, the purpose of man and the sacraments and how man should get back to God. The Summa Theologica is comprised of three major parts each of which deal with a major subject of Christian theology, the first part known as Prima Pars delves of God's existence in relation with nature; the creation of the earth, angels and man's nature. The second part Prima Secundae tackles in general principles of morality such as individual beliefs and vices while the third part Secunda Secundae deals with man's work for God and the sacraments and the ways of God. The Summa Theologica is composed of varying questions each of which is centered around a unique subtopic with the questions phrased as curious statements handling different issues such as whether Christ should have lived a life of poverty while on earth. Analysis: The first parts of concern are structured as eight questions such as questioning if th e happiness of man lies in wealth, scripture is quoted for example Ecclesiastes 10:19 states that whatever has the greatest hold over man's affections is ultimately the source of his happiness which is money therefore stating that man's happiness lies in wealth because it commands all things. Happiness is observed as a state of being made good by all things being perfect; money is portrayed as a guarantee for all of man's desires. St Thomas argues further by contradicting the notion that money is the source of man's happiness by stating that the good does not seek in spreading happiness but rather retaining it, Boethius argues by saying that wealth lies in giving rather than collecting as a miser which is hateful and applauds man's generosity. St Thomas is quick to disagree with the statement through his counter argument that shows how wealth is twofold consisting of the natural and artificial with the natural satisfying man's natural needs like food, dwellings and cars while the ar tificial wealth is that which is not related to nature such as money but exists as an invention of man for convenience in exchange and as a measure for salable things. He further argues that the happiness of man cannot be comprised of natural wealth as it is sought for to support man's nature and as such cannot be the last end rather is chosen as his last end. In addition, St Thomas argues that artificial wealth is sought to save humans from natural health while in its pursuit in a way that he procures natural wealth so as to obtain the necessities of life. The second question deals with the happiness in relation to the honor of man, the objection is made stating that all that belongs to God and people of honor and excellence is the source of happiness as it stands for perfection and good. Another objection is made which states that the greatest desire of man above happiness is to be honorable, of all man’s sufferings the loss of honor is the greatest and as such man's happin ess co-exists with honor. St Thomas answers the objections by stating that is not possible for happiness to be comprised of honor, because honor is accorded to man on account for his excellence and as a recognition of his achievements. Therefore man's good deeds can provide him some level f happiness but cannot entirely be the source of his happiness. A question is put forward as to

Effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes Literature review

Effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus - Literature review Example The conclusion from this review states that there are both positive and negative aspects with regards to the effectiveness of SMBG. Hence, the inquiry regarding SMBG effectiveness still remains fully unanswered. Therefore, this research review recommends that further studies be conducted which will explore all the aspects of SMBG utilization since most of the papers only focused on a few elements of SMBG use. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Diabetes Mellitus is a progressive metabolic disorder which influences a growing number of people—the worldwide elevation in numbers of adults with diabetes has been predicted at 122%, from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million in 2025 (Feinglos and Bethel, 2008). In addition, it is a common, costly medical condition often related with significant morbidity and mortality (Schilling McCann, 2007). There are several types of diabetes mellitus and these include: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Me llitus brought about by pregnancy. This paper will only focus specifically on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a worldwide health crisis as stressed by Feinglos and Bethel (2008); it is previously termed as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM (Schilling McCann, 2007). It is also labelled as adult-onset diabetes for the reason that is typically or frequently linked with older age, commonly after age 40; in this medical condition, insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defects is evident (Schilling McCann, 2007). Diabetes Mellitus in general can be affected by a variety of factors which may or may not be modifiable. The factors that cannot be altered include age, family history and genetics (Schilling McCann, 2007). On the contrary, the... The main purpose of the research is to present Diabetes Mellitus as a progressive metabolic disorder which influences a growing number of people—the worldwide elevation in numbers of adults with diabetes has been predicted at 122%, from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million in 2025. In addition, it is a common, costly medical condition often related with significant morbidity and mortality. There are several types of diabetes mellitus and these include: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Mellitus brought about by pregnancy. This paper will only focus specifically on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a worldwide health crisis as stressed by Feinglos and Bethel; it is previously termed as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM. It is also labelled as adult-onset diabetes for the reason that is typically or frequently linked with older age, commonly after age 40; in this medical condition, insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defects is evident. Diabetes Mellitus in general can be affected by a variety of factors which may or may not be modifiable. The factors that cannot be altered include age, family history and genetics. On the contrary, the modifiable factors of diabetes mellitus are diet, lifestyle and exercise. There are different methods that could be beneficial in the treatment and management of diabetes.

Albatross Anchor Essay Example for Free

Albatross Anchor Essay Introduction Albatross Anchor is a small, family owned business located in Smalltown, USA that started in 1976. There staff grew from 4 employees to 130 in no time. All of their operations were ran in the same building with the Admin in the front and manufacturing in the back. The plant is antiquated, worn, dirty technology deprived and no longer meets all the USA standard requirements. Question One Carefully review the assignment scenario/case study. From the limited information in the scenario/case study, along with your answers to the unit three written assignment, identify at least three direct and specific long-term and three direct and specific short term operations changes that Albatross Anchor must make to gain a clear and sustainable competitive advantage (provide detailed information to validate and support each recommended change) Long-Term Operational Changes (01) Improved technology to increase efficiency and effectiveness throughout the plant. Without a doubt, old technology makes it harder for the manufacturing process and takes longer to get the products to the end user. A five year plan to update technology would be more cost effective and can address the technology issues on a predetermined plan over the five year term. (02) Purchase new equipment to eliminate sharing manufacturing equipment between the two different types of anchors. The new equipment should be state of the art to assist with the technology upgrades and to get the most for the money. The separate equipment will eliminate the 36 hours of down time necessary to change over the equipment between production runs. (03) Separate manufacturing areas for the snag hook anchor and the bell anchors to increase production. This will tie the technology portion as well as the new equipment portion altogether to create two separate manufacturing areas. Short-Term Operational Changes (01) Update US safety and environmental standards. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the compliance and enforcement division releases the average annual fines collected by the EPA throughout the year. It is imperative that Albatross Anchor update the environmental standards of the plant to bring them up to code. The 2011 annual fees for the EPA as of December 8, 2011 was 3 billion in to clean up hazardous waste and 168 million in fines used to deter pollution (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2011). An investment now will save money in the future. (02) The most effective short term change would be to have a separate location for the administrative offices. The site could be on site but in a secluded area to make the interruptions minimal and to increase productivity. (03) Set specific shipping and receiving schedules for international shipping and incoming raw materials. Albatross Anchor shipping and receiving departments should not have materials coming in and going out at the same time. To eliminate mistakes and increase efficiency, set predetermined days to ship internationally and to receive incoming raw materials or stagger delivery of the goods. Question Two From the list of ten operational issues in the Unit 6 assignment instructions select four operational issues. For each of the four operational issues explain in detail that operational issue will help Albatross Anchor improve; 1) job retention, 2) employee morale, and 3) employee dedication. Operational Issue One: Cross Training Employees that are cross trained are more valuable to the company because they can perform tasks when employees are out ill or if there is a shortage of employees in a particular area (Russell Taylor III, 2011). Cross trained employees are likely to be more involved in their job and are likely to perform better because they have an understanding of many areas of the company. The cross trained employees know they are invaluable because they can do many tasks and they are generally more dedicated because they are willing to learn different aspects of the manufacturing process at Albatross Anchor. Operational Issue Two: Gain sharing and profit sharing Profit sharing is a win situation for the employee and the company. This perk benefits the employees because most profit sharing programs incorporate retirement plans as their vehicle. Employers benefit because profit sharing attracts dedicated employees (Hugh, 1990). Profit sharing and Gain sharing both contribute to employee dedication and increasing morale. The performance of the employees can also be directly related to the employees personal financial objective. Operational Issue Three: Job Design Right person; right role is a common term amongst many companies today. This directly correlates to job design. Not every employee can perform every function within a company. Some employees are better suited to certain roles than others. Frederick Herzberg identified attributes that make a potential job design a good fit (Russell Taylor III, 2011). Employees that are well suited to their jobs are more likely to be happy and stay at their job. They will be happier because they will not be ill suited to handle the task at hand. Operational Issue Four: Ergonomics Play a vital role in production. Recognizing ergonomic risks factors in the work place is an essential first step in correcting hazards and improving worker protection. In an effort to maintain a steady production rate and remain competitive, the company will need to redesign the machinery and implement new practices, Poor machine design, tool, and workplace design or use of improper tools create physical stress on workers bodies, which can lead to injury. Conclusion Albatross Anchors, although a family business still has the potential to turn things around to become a more profitable company. Implementing netter processes and practices along with identifying the Long Term Operational changes needed and the Short Term Operational changes that are needed will result in more efficient and more productive management. US safety and environmental guidelines have to be followed and maintained so the company is never in danger of being shut down. Create a more productive work area for the administrative offices and constructing separate manufacturing areas for production. The company is in need of many required changes so they can be more productive and have better time management. With the new reviews this observation has managed to create, the result will have the required proficient changes that are needed to become a more productive company. References Hugh, L. (1990). Why profit sharing is important Russell, R. S., Taylor III, B. W. (2011). Operations Management: Creating Value along the Supply Chain 7th edition. Retrieved November 18, 2011, from Wiley.com: http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?action=indexitemId=0470525908bcsId=5869 US Environmental Protection Agency. (2011, December 8). Data, Planning and Results. Retrieved December 18, 2011, from US Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/compliance/data/results/annual/index.html

Analysis of Human Resources (HR) Department

Analysis of Human Resources (HR) Department We have chosen Al Futtaim group as the subject of our research. The aim of our research is to review the HR department and point out the weaknesses. To achieve this goal we will review the background and history will give us an idea about the achievements and/or obstacles that faces the company. Also, we will look at the organizational structure of the group and the key people who are managing it. It is important for our research to have a complete idea about the managerial practices and the HRM role in accordance with the other departments. We will evaluate the strength and weaknesses of the HRM and we will end our research with recommendations with for possible improvements. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND Al Futtaim group is a family business which was established in the 1930s as a trading company. The owners of the group hold the upper management positions headed by Majid Al Futtaim as the chairman of the board of directors. The companies working within the group have developed quickly and became a regional integrated commercial, industrial and services business located in the Gulf Area. Currently, the group consists of more than 40 companies dominating many market segments in the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Egypt and Pakistan. The group has four subsidiaries which are Majid Al Futtaim Properties, Trust, Retail, and Ventures. The group was created with a purpose of managing its subsidiaries and supervising the work in order to develop the business and achieve unified goals. The managements promise is to respond quickly to the customers need and satisfy the groups shareholders. Moreover the management gives its word to provide challenging opportunities for the employees in orde r to enhance their performance. Another promise is to serve the community, protect the environment and achieve a notable corporate social responsibility. (companys official website) MANAGEMENT PRACTICES The Group consists of several core businesses that complement each other, however they are separately managed. This strategy provides higher flexibility and better potentials because the separate operating divisions can grasp different opportunities. At the same time, different divisions work together on key projects and contribute, as a group, to the achievements and the profit. There are business agreements of cooperation and management within the group. The management relies on the differentiation of the retail brands in order to gain customer loyalty which in turn will enhance the sales growth and business development. (companys official website) To face the market challenges, and because the group has large companies and diverse employees which serves diverse customer segments, the management has continually brought innovations and change to a conventional industry. The group declares that they are both; socially and environmentally responsible which has positive consequences such as increasing employees loyalty, ensuring growth and increasing profit. Moreover, the groups strategy is built on creating a win-win situation for the organization, main stakeholders (such as employees and customers), and the communities where they are functioning. To achieve this strategy, the group has a well established HR department responsible for a large number of employees and workers. With its objectives and goals in mind, Majid Al Futtaim group cares about the human resources working for the group. As an example, we can look at one important division which is Al-Futtaim Electronics Sanyo. In this department, the management has laid down the ground for its human recourses to take ownership of the initiative called Customer 2000. This initiative calls for a change in the staff attitude and approach as well as a change in the working environment as a whole. In other words it is a call for a change in the way business is conducted. This initiative is a mean to enhance productivity and effectiveness of the employees. They are trained to become more alert and aware of the Internal Customers and at the same time they should have the ability to focus on the External Customers. By taking this step, and to be able to coordinate the efforts and expertise of their staff, the management formed a core committee whose role is to open the communication channels between the mana gement and the employees. The committee performs as a forum to convey and formalize the concepts and ideas that will eventually lead to the objective of total customer satisfaction. The committee organizes open sessions and ensures the participation of all the managers and department heads of profit-centers. These sessions provide a chance for healthy discussions and exchange of ideas and points of views. The group functions according to the philosophy of Prosperity through Customer Satisfaction. To face the new challenges and to maintain the growing thrust, the core committee holds its sessions on a weekly basis and ensures through one on one meeting that the information is absorbed by all the staff. (companys official website) THE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE Strategy and planning process need a powerful management to transfer the perspectives into reality. Al Futtaim is a diversified group and a large organization managed by the owner, Majid Al Futtaim, as the president and the head of the management hierarchy. The chairman is Sir Michael Rake, an international expert who is an asset for the group because of his long experience and professional background. The board consists of a group of members who have particular expertise in certain areas and who can contribute to the decisions and the prosperity of the group. The CEO is Mr. Iyad Malas a young Arab who earned his education in one of the American universities in the region. Mr. Iyad and his executive team are responsible for the strategy for the whole group which includes what the businesses are in addition to the whole financial performance of the group. At this level of the management planning includes anticipation of change in all the functions of the group. The CEO Deputy is Mr. Ahmad Bin Brek, who is also a competent manager who has the ability to lead the group to its goals. The next level is the business executive team which consists of several young and well educated employees who implement the plans and run the business according to the agreed upon and well thought out strategy. Based on the bottom-up input, the business executive managers report to Mr. Iyad and contribute to the business strategy process. The following level in the hierarchy consists of the department heads and their assistants. Their roles are to orient, empower and manage their staff in order to contribute to the general performance of the company. The line managers report to their managers and they in turn report to their presidents who are responsible for the specific business strategy. At the end of the management hierarchy come the line and office managers and their assistants who work in the field with the staff and monitor the implementation of the plans and report to their superiors in the same business unit. At this organizational level the unit executive managers are responsible for the strategy. Part of the groups business planning scenario is the industrial context; economy, government, territories, existing market cultures. The other part is of the planning is the goals and targets which are specified in the groups strategy and the strategic group model. In the second level come the department managers then the line managers then the supervisors who report to their direct managers. In each department there are the employees with different jobs and responsibilities. If the whole working team does not work together, no goals will be achieved. And if the human resources are not satisfied by the working environment in general they will not be able to perform well. (companys official website) At this point, HRM has a main role to play. Without the human resources, none of the aforementioned strategies would be achieved without having efficient employees. These employees must be managed effectively in order to gain their loyalty and ensure that they will perform t the best of their abilities and lead the company to meet the vision, mission, and goals of the company. HRM has several functions all of them are related to the human resources in the group. Some of the functions are the following: RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION One of the most important functions of HRM is the staffing process. This process is costly and time and effort consuming. The HR professionals know that this process should be well planned to save the group the continuous expenses of advertisements, legal procedures, and training the new employees. HRM is responsible for analyzing the jobs, generating job descriptions, advertising the openings, analyzing the applicants CVs, interviewing the candidates, selecting the best candidates and closing the deal by offering the new employees the contract. All these processes are completed in cooperation with the managers of the different departments After signing the contract, the HRM is always ready with an orientation program delivered by the direct managers. The orientation includes the policies and procedures, group culture, security and safety issues, work practices and other related issues to help the new employee to get acquainted with others, place and the new tasks he/she will perform. Later on, when the new employee starts the job, the HRM is responsible, in cooperation with the managers, for the appraisal process. The result of the appraisal helps the HR professionals to set the training plan in order to empower the employee with any required skills. Majid Al Futtaim group has a strategic vision concerning its employees. The strategy recommends that employees be chosen based on fixed criteria. The staffing process, to an extent, ensures recruiting the experienced and efficient employees. As a private LLC, the management worries about the shareholders value and prosperity and the strategies and plans revolve around increasing sales, profit and expansion of business. These reasons are behind hiring effective people who can contribute to the groups success. HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING Also, HRM controls the number of employees and keep it in the appropriate range; too much employees is costly and wasteful of resources. On the other hand, too little employees is a barrier to meet the goals and affects the overall performance of the group. Staffing in Al Futtaim group is affected by many factors such as the budget, the need of expertise and the turn over of employees. Also, the need to control the staffing process depends on the yearly appraisals, business outcomes, and the efficiency of current employees in relation to the change and development. Government regulations and changes in business trend are important factors in terms of increasing or decreasing the number of staff. The role of HRM goes beyond the planning role to implement the plans and take decisions about what is better for the organization. HRM in AL Futtaim Group are seen as reactive rather than being proactive because they are doing the minimum expected from a big and rich group. The reason is not the inefficiency of the HR professionals or in the plans and documentation. The issue is that the group is owned by a family and the last decision is for the owner. Usually in this type of company what really matter is decreasing the expenses and increasing the profit. In this case the HRM cannot implement the change nor can they function according to the international high standard and ideal practices. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Empowering and motivating employees to complete their tasks efficiently is an HRM responsibility. Employees must be rewarded for their efforts or else they will transfer to another company and the company will lose their experience and knowledge of the ideal work practices. As mentioned before, recruiting new staff member will cost the company money, effort and time. Moreover, a company with high retention is never the choice of professionals who look for job security. AL Futtaim group care about its human resources. The HRM has a training plan and it was implemented for many years in the past. Now things are changed. The world financial crisis affected the business in general and the extra benefits for the employees are reduced to the minimum and the new workers are getting lower salaries and zero benefits. According to one of the groups employees, the workers are complaining in regards to their salaries and the overall standard of living. As everyone knows, the rents have risen tremendously in the last year. This issue has put a burden on the foreign employees and some of them left the work to another job for less then AED 300 raise in their salaries. This would not happen if the HR management in accordance with the financial department adjusts the pay rate and implement a plan to offer financial reward to the good employees so that the group will gain their loyalty. The employees need to be motivated in order to increase their efforts and work to the best of their abilities. In AL Futtaim Group, Bonuses as incentives are offered to the managers and they are excluding the workers. The common way to encourage the workers is choosing one of the good workers as the employee of the month. This will influence the workers appraisal at the end of the year and the chance of getting a raise becomes higher. More incentives are required if the group wants to attain the loyalty of all the employees. EMPLOYEES APPRAISAL HRM has a main role in assessing the performance of the employees. It is a very important process because the decision makers will have a full picture of the strengths and weaknesses of the staff. Based on the appraisal decisions will be taken to improve the performance of individuals and to point out the potentials within the company. Al Futtaim group HRM pays a special attention to the assessment process. The employees are assessed formally and informally through the year. The main appraisal is conducted on yearly basis and based on the results, some changes are made. Based on the result of the appraisal HRM sets a training plan to enhance the performance of the staff members. Another importance of the yearly appraisals is to link the payments to the competency of the employee. What is happening now is that due to the recession, the group did not give a pay raise to the majority of the staff which has a negative impact on their performance of the individuals. Yet, the appraisal is used efficiently to make use of the talents which already exist in the group. When openings are posted internally, the chance is given to the employees to apply and they are chosen based on their performances, yet not for the upper management posts. The weakness in this process is the results of the appraisal are not used to give the employees the incentives they deserve. The raise in the salaries and wages, if decided, is based on the market situation not on the performance and achievement of the individual. EMPLOYEE RELATIONS Among the HRM roles is to manage the complex employee (industrial relations) between the following parties: Workers and their official and unofficial representatives. Workers and their managers Government, organizations and related agencies. The UAE is shifting to a service based industry. The business requires qualified and skillful people to do the jobs which make the influence of workers more influential. The wise management of the group is aware of this issue and has built, to an extent a relationship with the employees and to maintain the psychological contract with them. HRM in Al Futtaim Group have an industrial relations program. The employees do have a voice and it is reflected in the management actions. A good example is the (customer 2000) project where workers can express themselves while developing their skills. It gives them a chance to get involved in the planning for offering better services to the customers. There are several evidences demonstrating that HRM policies demonstrate groups concern of the individuals performance. As a result we expect to see these policies are well implemented for the benefit of these individuals. Cost based barriers could be responsible for not taking the right actions. Workers are still considered as machines and no margin for mistakes is allowed. The work time is calculated by minutes and the overtime payments are less than the working hours wage. In al Futtaim group there is no win-win situation because the main concern as we have mentioned before is the customer. Satisfying the customer means more profit tor the shareholders. The only benefit for the workers is that they keep their jobs. There are hard workers in the company who were never acknowledged or took any bonus as an appreciation for their achievements. It is true that HRM in A Futtaim Group is effective in terms of generating all the documents which govern the relationship with the employees. HR professionals prepared the job specification, job appraisal, induction programs, training courses, performance management and reward management, malpractice policy, etc. But in general all these documents are for the benefit of the business first and none of them demonstrates the importance of the employee as an individual. So we can say that the importance of the psychological contract is not fully considered. For example, competent employees in Al Futtaim group are offered opportunities to upgrade their positions and their income but these chances are never open to reach to the upper management positions. Such actions affect the relationship with the employees and reduce their loyalty and level of job satisfaction. Another issue is that the cost based management implemented in Al Futtaims private companies affects the psychological contracts with the staff members. Employees lose trust in their management and it would be impossible to retain them. The minute they find a new job they will leave taking with them their experience and their relationships with the customers. A part of the HRM is that the employee relations professionals prepare reports for the management to keep them updated about the current situation, changes or new trends. The mangers/ owners use this information in negotiations, conferences and press releases. The staff interprets and administers the contract in terms of problems, salaries, insurance, safety, management practices etc. in AL Futtaim Group as there are no labor unions or employee association representatives, and this is done with individuals who have no power over the management of the group. So, the real purpose of these negotiations is not achieved. PROVISION OF EMPLOYEE SERVICES Caring about the employees well-being functions is one of the HRM functions which aim to retain good staff and attracting others to work with the company. Services that can be offered to the employees are many. They vary between understanding the personal circumstances of the employee such as extended sick leaves, allowing emergency leaves, and offering loans to the employee in need. Another service is to help the employees to resolve personal issues, to move them to an easier work in case they have special medical needs, and assisting the sick people to benefit from better treatment in better hospitals. In Al Futtaim group HRM has a plan for the provision of employee services but it is not fully amended. The following points can be seen as weaknesses: Number of the disabled people working in the company. Lack of financial and other activities conditions such as sports and hobbies related to the work Offering financial aids to workers in need or maybe having a fund program to help workers in difficulty. On the other hand the group has good safety and security practices. They have a good safety manual with clear policies and procedure. The employees are trained on first aid and evacuation in case of fire. SO we can say that HRM in Al Futtaim group care about their employees in terms of maintaining safety by raising the workers awareness and training them on the policies and procedures. EMPLOYEES TRAINING AND EDUCATION Training the employees to develop their skills and to raise their awareness is one of the HRM functions. Also the training courses are necessary to prepare some of the employees to acquire higher positions. Training and empowering the employees in Al Futtaim is part of the groups promise. The aim behind focusing on training the employees is enhancing the performance of the staff members. As a result of monitoring and assessing the employees work a training plan is set. Lists are prepared and training agencies are approached but, not all the plan is usually implemented. Financial factors affect the process, so sometimes the training courses are cancelled or the number of participants is reduced. The other option is Another plan is usually set for the in house training courses which are better implemented because of the cost is less and the timing can be adjusted. Also from time to time the Group outsources some technical or information based training courses. These trainings are usually attended by the supervisors whom in turn give the information to the workers. This does not work well all the time because not all the supervisors have the ability to train and convey clear information to others. OUR COMMENTS In any organization the HRM is effective when the functions are related to the vision, mission and vision and values. The organizational structure influences the implementation of the plans. In Al Futtaim Group, the HR department is managed by professionals who are aware of and experienced in the best practices of HRM. There are some obstacles which derives from the type, culture, policies and procedures of the Group. As a family business, the main purpose is to satisfy the customers in order to increase the profit. In this case the employees are required to perform to the best of their abilities and no mistakes are allowed. Individuals who have any special circumstances and cannot do the job effectively will not be given the chance to go back to the track. The management will look for a substitute who will not cost the Group extra expenses. The recruitment process is done carefully because the management wants to decrease the expenses. They look for the good qualification in the applicant but the person who will cost them less will be employed. The relation between the management and the individuals is limited to how much this person will benefit the company rather than how can we make this person comfortable and satisfied. The global political and economical issues affects the plans as the group is managed based on cost. Any factor can affect the employees benefit and the company will not accept to pay any extra expenses or increase the HRM budget. In the contrary, if the market is down the budget is decreased. If we are going to compare HRM in Al Futtaim with other similar companies, we can say, as aforementioned, that it has some advantages. Yet, what we are looking for is an HRM who has the authority and the power to fulfill the functions as they should be done. HRM is about the human resources in the group. Their satisfaction influences the outcomes of the group positively. It is not enough to pay the minimum salary and follow the basic labor laws in the country to gain the loyalty of the workers. There are several functions for the HRM that should be decided and implemented internally to distinguish the employees and the business as a whole from others. Open channels with the employees, empowering them, building a relationship with them, offering them opportunities to meet their personal goals, helping them to solve their problems and supporting outside activities will enhance their belonging top the group and will reflect on the work environment and the business as a whole. APPENDIX MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE The organizational of the group give an idea of the hierarchy of power in the group. We can see there is a diversity in the managers nationalities which adds to the experiences and the qualifications of the management team as a whole. Al Futtaim Group is managed by qualified people who have a long experience in management of similar industries and who are able to lead the company according to the international standards. .The local and foreign managers are working hand in hand for the benefit of the company and its stakeholders. The group includes several companies and a diverse work force which has to be managed effectively by managers who have cultural awareness and UAE work experience. In AL Futtaim group, the management has proved its efficiency in running the business. In the following page, we included the biography of the chairman and other managers to demonstrate their effectiveness and experience in managing the group and meeting the goals. President Majid Al Futtaim Chairman Sir  Michael Rake   Chief Executive Officer Mr. Iyad Malas Board Members Sir  Michael Rake   Mr. Waldemar Schmidt Mr. Tarek Ben Halim Mr. Richard North Dr. Fahad Almubarak Mr. Paul Manduca Mr. Trevor Coates Mr. Philip Yea Dr. Khalid Alkhazraji   Management Mr.  Iyad Malas   Chief  Executive Officer Mr. Ahmed Bin Brek Deputy Chief Executive Officer http://www.majidalfuttaim.com/images/maf_chart.jpg BIOGRAPHY Majid Al Futtaim Majid Al Futtaim, the Founder and President of the Majid Al Futtaim Group has successfully brought the concepts of regional shopping malls and hypermarkets to the region. His pioneering vision has changed the face of shopping, entertainment and leisure in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Majid Al Futtaim opened his first shopping mall in 1995 and has since created a business of international significance. Over the past decade the Group has taken his groundbreaking concepts into other major cities in the United Arab Emirates and throughout the Middle East and North Africa including; Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, and Lebanon. Sir  Michael Rake   Sir Michael Rake is Chairman of BT Group and the UK Commission for Employment and Skills, as well as a director of Barclays PLC, McGraw-Hill Inc and the Financial Reporting Council. He is also chairman of the private equity oversight group the Guidelines Monitoring Committee. BT pays him an annual salary of  £600,000.[1] From May 2002 to September 2007 Rake was Chairman of KPMG International. Prior to his appointment as Chairman of KPMG International he was Chairman of KPMG in Europe and Senior Partner of KPMG in the United Kingdom. He joined KPMG in 1974, and worked in Continental Europe before transferring to the Middle East to run the practice for three years in 1986. He transferred to London in 1989, became a member of the UK Board in 1991, and had a number of leadership roles in the UK before being elected UK Senior Partner in 1998. Rake is also a Vice President of the RNIB, a member of the Board of the Trans Atlantic Business Dialogue, a member of the CBI International Advisory Board, the Chartered Management Institute, the DTIs US/UK Regulatory Taskforce, the Advisory Council for Business for New Europe, the Ethnic Minority Employment Taskforce, an Association Member of BUPA, The School of Oriental and African Studies Advisory Board, the Advisory Board of the Judge Institute at the University of Cambridge, Senior Adviser for Chatham House and the Global Advisory Board of the Oxford University Centre for Corporate Reputation. He was Chairman of Business in the Community from 2004-2007 and a member of the board of the Prince of Wales International Business Leaders Forum from 1998 to 2007. Rake is also a Governor of Wellington College and a board member of Guards Polo Club. He is married with four children and five stepchildren, and was knighted in 2007. Mr. Iyad Malas Iyad Malas is the CEO of Majid Al Futtaim Trust, the family office of the Majid Al Futtaim family in Dubai. Previously, Mr. Malas was the Regional Director for South Asia for International Finance Corporation, based in New Delhi. He had responsibility for all of IFCs investments in all sectors in the South Asian markets, including India. Mr. Malas worked with IFC beginning in 1987, investing in many regions of the emerging markets and was the Division Manager for Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa before working for four years in Egypt, first as CEO of Fleming CIIC and then as the Chief Operating Officer and Head of Asset Management for the preeminent Egyptian investment bank, EFG-Hermes from 2000 to 2004. Mr. Malas was educated at the American University in Beirut and earned an MBA from George Washington University. Mr. Malas is also a Chartered Financial Analyst.

Essay --

Marivic D. Toledo Eng2 X-1R LRP (Final draft) Landfilling: The Philippines’ Next Method of Waste Reduction The world, reaching the edge of vulnerability, suffers from small to large capacity of calamities caused by either natural or human activities. From North to South, the melting of glaciers causing sea level rise, and from East to West, the extreme and strenuous heat of the sun withering soils and root crops leading to intense scarcity - all eventually become the first and foremost factor to human suffering and misery. Philippines, a developing country, suffers most in this predicament together with the belonging nations, informally called as â€Å"Third World countries†. However, these calamities are not done generally by those of the developed countries alone. All nations: American, Asian, African or whatever nationality contributes to the worsening Global warming that is currently experienced worldwide; making the citizenry all liable and responsible for any undue instances and effects accompanying it. Generally, there are different factors that affect and cause this environmental phenomenon. One of these is solid waste. Solid wastes are waste materials and residue which are either made of plastics, woods, metals and the like which eventually, as of to date, continuously increases. Due to increasing solid waste, improper implementation of solid waste segregation, and ineffective usage of numbers of sanitary landfills in the Philippines, improvisation and implementation of sanitary landfi lls and developmental programs should be imposed by the Local Government Units nationwide for maintenance and execution of proper waste segregation. With these, the problem on solid waste management can be minimized. Basically, landfill is a me... ...e problems but did not become effective enough to maximize its full use because of the different problems encountered upon implementation. But by following proper techniques and strategies, these problems can be addressed. All people have their own respective responsibilities which they are required to live by. Depending on one organization or a certain group of people is not even the key in minimizing the country’s waste problems. Together with responsible leaders, it requires full participation and cooperation of every citizen in doing necessary measures on waste reduction. Actions are already made, only that it should be improved and properly implemented to maximize its full use. All of these – when done with unity and perseverance – will be the most powerful and effective tool in minimizing solid waste management problems and achieving a better - healthier life.

Pretty Little Liars Essay

Are Pretty Little Liars good at keeping their dirty secretes? Pretty Little Liars a favorite ABC Family series is built around five teenage friends, until one goes missing and is found dead. It has a strong hint of supernatural force that mean no good. It makes most popular vampire romances look anemic. Because of a popular series of HarperTeen books by Sara Shepard, Pretty Little Liars follows the nervous lives of four girls in Rosewood, Pa. It’s a small town and these girls seem to have it all and that sets it up for an even better drama, when we start to see they also have secrets. The season premier starts with the disappearance and apparent death of the fifth girl in the circle, Alison DiLorentis. If the PLL series were traditional, Alison, Sasha Pieterse would have been the sweetest girl in school and no one could imagine anyone wanting to hurt her. If that’s what you’re expecting here, you’re wrong. Alison was a bitchy gossiper, backstabber and cruel practical joker. In any case, they were all together the night she disappeared and we join the story a year later, when free spirit Aria, Lucy Hale, nerdySpencer,TroianBellisario, crazy Hanna, Ashley Benson and jock Emily Shay Mitchell have drifted apart. Drug and alcohol use, foul language, scanty clothing, sexual innuendo and some passioate make-out scenes and homosexuality all make Pretty Little Liars a series that keeps viewers on their feet. Every episode leaves you with a cliffhanger. They run into each other in random chance encounters, however, that suggest each is harboring dark secrets, some related to Alison and some not. Since they apparently weren’t into deep sharing when they were all best friends then, they aren’t spilling now. Except they have two problems. A local cop is determined to find out what happened to Alison. Second, the girls all start getting mysterious messages that suggest some supernatural force knows all the secrets and could and sometimes do expose them to the public. Could the messages be coming from Alison? But isn’t that impossible? What kind of phone network lets you keep texting when you’re dead? I’d say that’s beyond 4g. It’s one thing to talk with your friends about lacrosse practice or the hot guy in the French class. It’s something else when you’re trying to figure out what happened to your disappeared friend, and how disappeared she really is. â€Å"Pretty Little Liars† is good at making us care about the girl’s lives. It keeps us thinking each week as to what might happen the next.

Bussines Communication

BUSINNESS COMMUNICATION Business communication it is the communication between the people in the organisation for the purpose of carrying out the business activities. It is a process of exchange of facts, ideas, opinions and as a means that individual or organization share meaning and understanding with one another. In other words, it is a transmission and interacting the facts, ideas, opinion, feeling and attitudes. Communication adds meaning to human life. It helps to build relationship and fosters love and understanding. It is two types of communication formal and informal.FORMAL COMMUNICATIONS- example of formal communication are board meetings , letters. They are formal methods because when we using them we have to use specific formats and follow rules INFORMAL COMMUNICATIONS-example of informal communication are conversations , emails and text messages . Informal communications do not follow any prescribed conventions or formats and often happen spontaneously. I talked about ty pes of communications used by Tesco Tesco plc is a global grocery and general merchandising retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, United Kingdom. Related reading: Tesco Communication With CustomersTesco is the fourth-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues, after Wal-Mart, Carrefour and Metro. The second-largest measured by profits after Wal-Mart. It has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America and is the grocery market leader in the UK (where it has a market share of around 30%), Malaysia and Thailand. There are few types of communication; verbal, written, on- screen, web-based, multimedia. VERBAL-FACETO FACE -Nothing can replace the value of face-to-face communication.It’s easier to communicate verbally than any other way because you get to understand every detail that is being spoken by the other person. In Tesco customers communicate with the staff members they can ask questions if they don’t understand the instructions clearly. Effectiveness of meetings: When there’s an issue that requires a decision, you’re able to reach a consensus more quickly. When there are m any people in a meeting, there’s more energy and opportunities to participate and creatively contribute. Oftentimes there’s also a synergy that’s achieved which ignites discussion and innovative thinking.You can brainstorm more easily and solve a handful of problems Nonverbal communication:   Someone who is frequently checking their watch or yawning, would tell you very easily that it’s time to wrap things up or make an effort to change the quality of your voice to be more engaging (or at least change the subject. ) And the very opposite is also true; if colleagues are smiling, nodding or leaning forward, you know that they’re invested and have their buy-in. There isn’t much guesswork involved. A personal touch:. There’s a feeling of community because we’re better able to socialize and interact with one another.We quickly build a bond that sets the foundation for trust and ultimately, lasting business relationships. WRITTEN  Ã¢â‚¬â€œLEAFLETS-Written communication has great significance in today’s business world. Effective written communication is essential for preparing worthy promotional materials for business development. Effective writing involves careful choice of words, their organization in correct order in sentences formation as well as cohesive composition of sentences. Written communication helps in laying down apparent principles, policies and rules for running of an organization.Leaflets- this type of communication in Tesco is that one can get all the information from a Tesco leaflet that he or she needs and can verify back to it if he or she did not understand the information clearly. And also a good thing because staff can easily give customers written documents that might    be more helpful for people who don’t understand some staff members English accent and etc. ON- SCREEN AND MULTIMEDIA; for example TV- a large number of people can watch the presentation  for example promotions or if there is any discounts or and new system introduced by the organisation.Multimedia information can be text, graphics, audio, animation, video, data and many more. It is media and content that uses a combination of different content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerised and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance. WEB BASED-ADVERS-This communications are a very common thing in the retail industry. Retailers find this way of Selling or Advertising a product or even displaying a upcoming product.This is beneficial to Tesco because Tesco don’t need to take up storage in there stores the products can be directly sent form a warehouse and there’s much more of a chance of a customer noticing it on a internet site than walking past it in a store. NON-ELECTRONIC METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION-Non electronic methods of communication are ways of co mmunicating through non-electronic sources such as letters, reports, memorandums, etc. Before the invention of electricity, Communication was slow and difficult. Some messages took days, weeks and even months to arrive to its destination.It was also not as effective and less people were able to receive these messages at once. There four different non-electronic types of communication verbal, non-verbal, memo and letter. -MEMO; an internal form of communication and used for short messages. This is usually not a signed document. -REPORT; a common written communication in a business. The task might be given a formal reply depending on what task has been given. PUBLICITY MATERIALS; this can come in many forms. It is used to attract attention, inform and enhance corporate image. INVOICE; this document is to confirm the details on goods purchased and details on the payment. ELECTRONIC METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION-electronic methods of communication are to using the computer to communicate wi th some one half around the world e. g-electronic fax also facebook chatting with other via the use of the internet or as simple as using your cell phone to communicate with others. Popular form of electronic communication is email, which is a more formal way of sending messages to others. This form of communication is more popular is school, business and even with family.It can range in form from a formal letter to a few quick phrases to just a picture. One of the oldest forms of electronic communication is the telephone. Not a lot of people consider the telephone electronic but it still uses electricity to change our voice into electronic signals from one device to another. Electronic methods of communication; -TOUCH SCREENS; is computer technology which is used by customers to touch certain areas of the screen. -TELEPHONE CALLS; it is a method of fast communication through a telephone handset. DVD; is the video medium of choice for business these day( can be used to show presenta tions to staff) -FAX; it is a method that needs a reproduction machine and telephone line to send pictures and documents. WEBSITE; a site that can be found on the world wide web ELECTRONIC AND NON-ELECTRONIC METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF AUDIENCE: * Age and attention span Most people who are younger can concentrate for less time whereas older or more educated people can focus or listen for a longer period of time.Younger people respond more to videos, images and PowerPoint presentations, whereas older people can read for a long time such as reports etc. * Age, gender and ethnicity To illustrate your explanations, it's a good way to interact with the audience by reflecting on their ethnic background, interest and their experiences. Also draws from the experiences of men and women in a positive ways. * Readability It is important to know who your audience are, this is looking at younger or older people.Younger people may prefer to have simple language than somethin g that is difficult to understand, but older people may understand the language of technical terms, phrases and jargons. * Interest Most people lose interest so it important to get key points across quickly and explain the topic that is related to the audience. Sometimes to be humorous can help to maintain interest but if no-one laughs at your joke then it will put off the audience, so it is important to know when to be funny. Also to interest your audience you can put up some activity for them to do and this will help them engage with you.