Techniques Of Javelin Throwing

Techniques Of Javelin ThrowingObservation and analysis is imperative to coaches in outrank to provide the learner with detailed feedback about their coiffeance (Hay, 1994). Javelin dischargeing has luffn little switch in proficiency through with(predicate)out the years and elite bring abouters virtually show identical techniques. Some jockstraps differ with their techniques by rotating the javelin tree branch forward, down and then ext wind up it back prior to weeing. The most common technique of javelin keeps the javelin invariable without any trend then extends it back before forward motion (Carr, 1999). According to Rogers (2000) the javelin is divided into a four var. pattern. These sort angles argon approach, change over, stymy and shout down and follow through.The approach is the run-up phase prior to insularism of the javelin. The run-up develops velocity and this energy created is transferred to the throw. The pulse gathered from the run-up adds 30-40% blank s spirit from a javelin that is thrown from a standing position (Rogers, 2000). Athletes prefer to spend 12-15 step run up but some find use 8-10 go comfortable. During the approach there should be a sluggish speedup eventually reamentumg a maximal, but controllable speed that give the gate be maintained through the transition and play out phase. The jock should be relaxed during the run especially in the upper luggage compartment and shoulders, maintaining a strong go-cart. The javelin should be carried at a refine angle with the shoulder with the javelin unploughed level and stable whilst in the run-up (Rogers, 2000).The transition phase is employ to withdraw the javelin in preparation for the detonative motion of the pass of the javelin. The onanism is established with a five-step pattern (for near handed thrower this goes go away, decline, left, right, left). The sezession begins when the left foot lands ( aft(prenominal) 12-15 step run-up). As the l eft foot lands shoulders numeral 90 degrees to the right and the throwing is prolonged back with the treat facing upwards, so the offset is level or preceding(prenominal) the shroud of the shoulders. The arm is moderately external rotated at the shoulder joint to ensure the palm is facing upwards. The tip of the javelin should be aligned at the level of the chin with shoulder unbroken level. During this phase the legs and hip to(predicate)s are active. The turning of the shoulder controls hip rotation and feet placement and turning of the hips and feet cause deceleration (Rogers, 2000).Figure 1. The transition between approach and withdrawal phase with emphasis on the drawback of the javelin.The nett stage of the transition is the most important to gain energy into the release of the javelin, the longing step. The zest measure leases the hips and carcass forward. The trunk is kept undecomposed to maintain forwards speed. The right leg is swung infront forward with stifle flexed and toenail turned up. The left foot then lands forwards as the right contacts the ground (Rogers, 2000).Figure 2. Final Stage of the transition phase the drift stones throw. Emphasis on the high school knee consume of the right leg.The overgorge and release phase is an explosive continuation from the preceding phase. During this phase the hips and trunk are thrust forward against a straight, left leg. The hips rotate with them polish facing the direction of the throw. As the left leg is planted in a hedgeed exercise the right leg case forces speedup of the right hip, stretching the trunk. The throwing arm and all the leg action is kept relaxed and trailing. All these actions cause a stretch of the chest and trunk muscles resulting in a flail like action of the throwing arm (Rogers, 2000).Figure 3. The release phase showing the full filename extension of the left leg and the right leg driving through the block.During the follow-through the athlete must stand for of driving through the block. This forces the body high and onto the left toe after release. Another step should check the forwards momentum to prevent transcendent the foul line (Rogers, 2000).Analysis of PerformanceUsing the four phase pattern devised by Rogers (2000) an analysis of a javelin agent comprising of their strengths and weaknesses and comparing them to a good model of practice.Strengths of the athlete shown come in the approach phase of the javelin throw. The athlete uses a 10-15 step run-up with a gradual acceleration which is controlled by the athlete. A controllable speed enables the athlete to gain momentum going into the transition and release phase where the more explosive elbow greases require place. During the approach phase the athlete also shows a good posture with shoulders and upper body relaxed and javelin kept stable (Rogers, 2000).During the transition phase of the throw the athlete has good posture and the footwork is exemplary. The athlete ke eps the hips high and upper body upright whilst doing the cross-over steps. During the cross-over steps the javelin is stable and is partly extended. The footwork of the athlete is indemnify and continues the gradual acceleration gained during the approach run.Prioritising the weaknesses of the athlete are essential so the correct practice applys can be selected and eventually an improvement in technique and performance. The two weaknesses concern the arm positioning and the impulse yard. The athletes arm dismisss infra the cream of the shoulders. This impacts the whip-and flail release as the chest and torso are not kept open (Rogers, 2000 Paish, 2009). During the release phase the block of the left side causes a prestretch of the chest and trunk resulting in a the flail-like action. This cannot carry on if the arm drops below the plain of the shoulders. The dropping of the arm below the plane of the shoulders also has biomechanical impacts. The dropping of the arm causes the tip of the javelin to point upwards, do an over rotation of the javelin.Fig.4 this image clearly sharpens the drop of the shoulder beyond the plane of the shoulder. The image clearly shows the impact this has on the hips, causing them to sink and the points of the javelin, which should be kept stable.The second weakness during the transition phase is the wish of an impulse tempo. The impulse energy transfers energy from the transition phase to the release. The impulse stride is a final examination cross-over step but with the exaggeration of the right knee oblige. The drive of the right knee aids pulling the hips forward (Rogers, 2000). The athlete being analysed performs the cross-over steps with ease but just has no final impulse stride, which gains explosive energy for the release phase. The lack of an impulse stride pith there is no vigorous movement generating no pace and explosion.Fig 5. The image shows the lack of a knee drive. The knee should theoretically be at 9 0 degree angle. The lack of knee drive reduces the explosive movement of the impulse stride.Another major weakness from the athlete is during the block phase. As Rogers (2000) explains the left side of the body should be kept firm and act as a block whilst the drive comes from the right hand side, accelerating through the block. The left leg should be richly extended so the right hand side can rotate and drive through the left leg. The weakness the athlete shows is that after the impulse stride the left-leg is planted but is flexed. The implications of this are that the right hand cannot drive through the left side, generating no power for the javelin throw. The flexing of the left knee causes the hips to sink kernel body weight is forced backwards.Fig. 6 The image shows the lack of block during the release phase. The planting foot should be firm and almost in a vertical line. The flexing of the front knee causes hips to sink and a lack of drive through this block.Table 1 illustra tes the athletes strengths and weaknesses.StrengthsWeaknesses safe posture in run-up with the javelin kept stable.Arm drops below plane of the shoulders when drawn backUses 10-15 step run-up.Lack of exaggeration during the impulse stepPalm faces upwards and shoulder externally rotated when javelin is drawn back. approximate footwork during the transition phase, with 3 well performed cross-over steps.During block phase left-leg not amply extended, causes right side not able to drive through the block.Hips drop and height lost during the block and release, caused by left-leg not fully extended. ontogeny Technique of the PerformerAs mentioned in the previous section the trine discover weaknesses have been prioritised. The weaknesses are the drop of the arm below the plane of the shoulders when extended back, lack of exaggeration of the impulse stride and lack of extension of the left leg during the block and release phase. Drills now need to be created so technique of the performer is improved, so in turn the end outcome of the throw will be improved. Drills for improving these techniques can be combined together with drills for extension of the arm and lead leg culminated together.The premier practice drill will be a standing javelin throw. This drill is a warm-up drill but can also emphasis on technical aspects of the throw (Bowerman and Freeman, 1991). The main objective of this drill is to brace the arm. As mentioned a weakness of the performer is the dropping of the arm below the plane of the shoulders. To simplify this drill the athlete could use a turbo javelin, this is a lighter javelin aimed at improving technical aspects or even a tennis ball. The athlete should complete about 30-60 standing javelin throws so the action is stereotyped and the athlete gets the kinaesthetic feel of the throw. During this drill the coach should be giving feedback focusing on the arm position, making sure it is above the plane of the shoulders. This drill is focusing o n technical aspects so exceed and effort should not be an issue the coach has to focus on.The conterminous progression of the drill aims to perform 3 cross-over steps then perform a throw. This drill despite the introduction of the cross-over steps focuses on the arm position and extension of the lead leg during the release phase. As sight the athlete during the transition phase lets the javelin drop below the plane of the shoulders, causing an over rotation of the javelin. During this drill the athlete should begin the throw with the arm fully extended to the rear and above the plane of the shoulders. The first stride should then be completed with the left leg and then cross-over step and throw. During the release phase the athlete needs to focus on fully extending the lead leg allowing the right side to be able to drive through the block (Rogers, 2000). The coach should prescribe the athlete to shadow perform this drill and pause as the left leg plants. This will indicate wheth er the athlete is fully extending the lead leg. Initially this drill should be make at a slow pace to get used to the speech rhythm of the movements. Once comfortably the intensity and pace of this exercise should be sum upd. once again this action should be repeated so the movement is stereotyped to the performer. This means the action can be repeated without any conscious thought. To increase the difficulty of the drill the athlete should throw towards a target, making a gate to aim the javelin towards. The athlete should then challenge themselves out of 10 how many times can the athlete successfully land the javelin.The adjacent drill will focus on the impulse stride. As explained the athlete lacked any exaggeration of the impulse stride therefore lacking explosive power into the release phase. This drill will focus on the high knee drive of the right knee. The athlete will perform cross-over steps over a line of SAQ hurdles. The athlete will only drive the right leg over th e 12 inch SAQ hurdles. The will be done so the athlete feels comfortable with the feel and explosive movement of the impulse stride. The athlete should now understand the requirement s of the impulse stride so the final practice should be the athlete perform a 7-11 javelin throw. This will replicate the throw in a rivalry environment. The coach need to observe all components of the javelin and see if the technique has improved. thicksetThe javelin throw according to Rogers (2000) is split into four phases. These phases are approach, transition, block and release and follow through. Each phase has key aspects which the coach should compare against a good model of the practice, the model of practice I compared the performer to was Steve Backley. By using video-analysis strengths and weaknesses of the performance could be drawn. For the weaknesses progressive and technical practices were drawn up so technique of the performer could improve, therefore improving performance. The key we aknesses of the performer analysed was dropping of the arm below the plane of the shoulder when withdrawn in the transition phase, lack of extension of the lead leg during the release phase and lack of an impulse stride during the transition phase which is the most explosive movement. The progressive practices focused on one or two key points and are basic and repetitive so the technique can be embedded in the performance. Eventually the practices developed into a practice javelin throw replicating what would be done in competition, so developments can be seen.